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介词宾语用法归纳

来源:九壹网
介词宾语用法归结之五兆芳芳创作

介宾短语就是介词和宾语所组成的短语.

在通常情况下,介词必须有自己的宾语.能充当介词宾语的成分良多.如: 1. 名词或代词作介词宾语.如:

He never goes out at night. 他晚上从不出去. Don’t hide behind others. 不要躲在他人前面. The town is beside the sea. 城镇坐落在海边. 注意:若是人称代词用作介词宾语,要注意用宾格.如:

He got there before me. 他比我先到那儿.(不克不及用 before I) 2. 动名词(短语)作介词宾语.如:

She is quick at learning languages. 她学语言学得很快. He makes a living by teaching. 他以教书为生.

In crossing the street he was run over. 他在穿过马路时被汽车撞倒.

3. 从句作介词宾语.如:

He was surprised at what she said. 听到她说的话,他很吃惊.

He began to think about what he would do. 他开始考虑他该怎么办.

注意:介词后通常不接that从句,但暗示“除外”的介词except 是例外.如:

I know nothing about him except that he is from Paris. 我只知道他是来自巴黎,其他的就不知道了.

另外,介词后也不接 if 从句作宾语,遇此情况可用 whether.如: We are worried about whether he will come. 我们担心他是否会来.

4. 不定式(短语)作介词宾语.如:

He never did anything but watch TV. 除了看电视,他从不干任何事.

It had no effect except to make him angry. 除惹他生气外,没产生任何效果.

注意:在通常情况下,介词后接动词应用动名词,不必不定式,但是暗示“除外”的介词 except 和 but 是例外,它们的前面接动词时,通常不必动名词,而用不定式.该不定式有时带 to,有时不带 to,情形比较庞杂,大致原则是:其前有do,不定式不带to;其前没有do,不定式通常带to.

另外,介词后虽然通常不直接跟不定式作宾语,但却可接“连接代词(副词)+不定式”结构.如:

I bought a book on how to repair cars. 我买了一本关于如何修理汽车的书.

5. 副词作介词宾语.如:

I can’t stay for long. 我不克不及久呆. It’s too hot in here. 这里面太热了.

I looked everywhere except there. 除了那儿,我到处都看过了. 副词用作介词宾语的情况其实不罕有,通常只限于某些暗示时间和地点的副词,并且不合的副词有不合的搭配特点,如可说in here,但不克不及说come to here.

6. 数词作介词宾语.如: I get up at six. 我6点起床.

He was among the first to arrive. 他是第一批到的. 7. 介词短语作介词宾语.如:

Choose a book from among these. 从这些书中选一本吧.

Suddenly he came out from behind the door. 他突然从门后出来.

说明:通常可后接介词短语作宾语的介词有 from, till, until, since, except, instead of 等.介宾短语可以做表语,定语,状语,补语,

如 he is in the classroom.(表语) the book on the desk is mine.(定语) please put the book in the bag.(状语) make yourself at home.(宾补)

在英语中,如何确定介宾短语是做状语仍是后置定语?

,语感强调的是动作吃, in the kitchen是修饰吃的. 若要表达我吃了一个在厨房的苹果 应为 I ate THE apple in the kitchen 因为THE的关系,强调点一下落在apple身上,in the kitchen 自然也是为apple办事了.

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