人教版英语九年级（词汇、短语、句型、语法、习作）
一、 教材词汇和用法
1.textbook /tekstbuk/ n. 教科书
This textbook contains 25 lessons. 这本教科书共有25课.
I study English by reading the textbook.我通过读课本来学习英语。
2.conversation /kɔnvəseɪʃn/, n. 交谈；谈话
[常见短语] have a conversation with sb 与某人交谈 make a conversation 编对话；会话
[学以致用] I improve my speaking skills by _____ ___ 我通过练习对话来提升口语技能。
[学以致用]If you find it _____to start a conversation, you can just say something about the weather. A. busy B. easy C. new D. hard
3.aloud /əlaud/ adv. 大声地；出声地 [辨析aloud & loudly & loud] （1）aloud出声地；大声地。常与read/ call等词连用, 不用于比较级。
（2）loud 大声地；喧闹地。指说话声和笑声，常与talk/ speak/ laugh/ sing等词连用, 常用比较级。
（3）loudly 高声地；喧闹地。可以和loud互换，含有“吵闹”的意思，不悦耳。
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She played her records too loudly. 她播放唱片时音量太大了。 [学以致用]The music is too____, so I have to speak _____ A. loud; loud B. aloud; loud C. loudly; loudly D. loud; aloud
[学以致用] I cant hear what you said clearly, so please speak in a____voice. A. louder B. more loudly C. more aloud D. more loud [答案] A
[详解]句意:我不能听清你说的话，所以请再大点声说。
考查loud/aloud/loudly辨析。louder 更大声的,形容词; more loudly更大声地; more aloud更大声地; more loud更大声地。根据
空格后名词voice可知需选形容词，loud作为形容词使用时比较极为louder; speak in a louder voice用更大的声音说话。故选A。
4.pronunciation /prənʌnsieIʃn/ n. 发音；读音 pronounce v. 发音 [学以致用]I practice pronunciation by reading aloud.我通过大声阅读来练习发音。
5. sentence /sentəns/ n. 句子 sentence structure 句子结构 sentence 还可以作动词，意为“宣判”sentence sb. to death宣判某人死刑 What’s the meaning of the sentence? 那句话是什么意思？ [学以致用] He is sentenced ____ death.他被判处死刑。
[学以致用]我还是不懂这个句子The sentence doesn't_____ _____to me. 明白，理解make sense。助动词后使用动词原形。故答案填make sense。
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6.patient /peiʃnt/ adj. 有耐心的 n. 病人 反义词：Impatient 没有耐心的 adj. 名词：patience 耐心，耐性；忍耐力 be patient with ... 对...有耐心 be patient of 能忍受...的 be patient to do sth 耐心做某事
My teacher is very patient with her students. 我的老师对她的学生很有耐心。
[学以致用] Great man is patient ___pains. 伟人能忍受痛苦。
We should be patient __ listen to our parents advice. 我们应该耐心听父母的建议
[学以致用] When the doctor arrived, the patient _____ for just one minute. A. has died B. had died C. has been dead D. had been dead [答案] D
[详解]句意:当医生到达时，病人已经死了一分钟了。
考查时态。根据\"When the doctor arrived”及\"for just one minute\"可知要用过去完成时,排除AC;与时间段连用要用延续性动 词，排除B。故选D。
6.expression /ikspreʃn/ n. 表达（方式）；表示 facial expression 面部表情
同根词express v. 表达，表现 expressive adj. 表现的；有表现力的
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[学以致用]There was of friendliness on his face. 他脸上都流露出真挚友好的表情。
[学以致用]一Can you make___sentence with_____expression“deal with\"? - Of course. Just a piece of cake. A. a, an B. a, the C. an, the D. the, an [答案] B
[详解]句意:一你能用词组“deal with\"造句吗?一
当然，小菜- -碟。 考察冠词。第一个空修饰可数名词单数sentence,指-个”, 用不定冠词，sentence是以辅音音 素开头，用a。 第二个空是特指词组“deal with*用定冠词the,故选B
[点睛]“a\"和“an”是不定冠词，为了读音的方便,在以元音音素开头的可数名词的单数名词前用an而不用a。
7.discover /dIskʌvə (r)/ v. 发现；发觉 dis否定前缀，意为“非，不”。cover 意为“覆盖”。
同根词 discovery n. 发现，发觉 [近义词] find, notice, detect [学以致用] He _____ ______（ discover )hiding in a shed.人们发现他原来藏在棚屋里。
[学以致用]-China plans to send another spaceship into space. 一Wow! More and more secrets________ soon. A. are going to discover B. will be discovered C. have discovered D. will discover
[知识点] discover- 般将来时的被动语态 解读 [答案] B
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[详解]句意:
中国计划再发射一艘宇宙飞船进入太空。一哇! 越来越多的秘密很快就会被发现。 考查被动语态。soon“不久, 很快”，是表示将来的时间状语:主语More and more secrets与动词discover之间是被动的关系，句子 应为-般将来时态的被动语态，故选B。
8.secret /si:krət/ n. 秘密；adj. 秘密的；
[常见搭配] in secret 秘密地; keep a/the secret 保守秘密; keep secret from 对...保守秘密; let out a secret 泄露机密
the secret to... = The secret of .... ...的秘诀
[学以致用] What’s the secret____ language learning? 语言学习的秘诀是什么？
[学以致用]我认为听一些有趣的东西是语言学习的秘诀。I think that listening to something interesting is the secret _________. [答案] to language leaming
[详解] language learning\"语言学习”; the secret t.....的秘诀”。故填to language leaning。
9.fall in love with 爱上；与⋯⋯相爱
Foreigners unfailingly fall in love with the place. 外国人都爱上了这个地方。
10.grammar /græmə (r)/ n. 语法 I want to learn more grammar. 我想学新单词和更多的语法
11.repeat /ripi:t/ v. 重复；重做[派生词]
同根词 repetition n. 重复，背诵repeatedly adv. 反复地；再三地 [学以致用]I improve your pronunciation By listening to a tape and_____( repeat)out loud. 通过听磁带并且大声重复。
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[学以致用]- Peter, can you repeat what Tina said just now?
- Sorry, I didn't______ what she said. A. pay attention to B. get on well with C. fall in love with [答案] A
[详解]句意:一彼得， 你能重复- -下蒂娜刚才说的话吗? 对不起，我没注意听她说的话。
考查动词短语辨析。pay atention to注意; get on well with.和.... .相处; fall in love with爱上。根据\"I didn...what she said.”可知， 没有听到蒂娜说的话，应是没有注意。故选A。
12.note /nəut/ n. 笔记；记录 v. 注意；指出
同根词 noted adj. 著名的；显著的 notable n. 名人，重要人物 take notes 记笔记
make a note of 记下；记录
note down 记下
How do you learn grammar? 你怎么学习语法？
--By taking notes, doing exercises and reading a lot. 通过记笔记，做练习和多阅读。
13.pal /pæl/ n. 朋友；伙伴 I improve your writing by writing e-mails to my pen pals. 通过给我的笔友写电子邮件。
14.pattern /pætn/, /pætən/ n. 模式；方式 I like to practice my English by memorizing sentence patterns. 我喜欢通过记忆句型来练习我的英语。
15.physics /fiziks/ n.物理(学)It’s difficult for me to study physics. 学习物理对我来说是困难。
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16.chemistry /kemistri/ n. 化学 I am interested in chemistry. 我对化学感兴趣。
17.partner /pa:(r)tnə (r)/ n. 搭档；同伴 I don’t have a partner to practice English with. 我没有一起练习英语的搭档.
18.pronounce /prənauns/ v. 发音 The ‘b ’ in lamb is not pronounced.lamb中的b不发音。
19.increase /Inkri:s/ v. 增加；增长13.Increase v. 增加；增长 同根词 increasement n. 增加 decrease 降低；减少
Increasing adj. 越开越多的，渐增的
[常见短语] increase by 增加了，按...增长 increase in (使)在...增长；(使)在...增加
increase to 增加到 increase with 随...增长；随...而增加 [学以致用]They have increased the price by 50%. 他们已经把价格提高了50%
[学以致用]The number of bike riders in Yueqing_______greatly since the government built more cycle ways. A. increased B. has increased C. was increasing D. was going to increase [答案] B
[详解]句意:自从政府修建了更多的自行车道以来,乐清市骑自行车的人数大大增加。
考查动词时态。根据\"since the government built more cycle ways'可知，since引导的时间状语从句，其主句应用现在完成时have/has done的结构，故选B。
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20.speed /spi:d/ n. 速度 v.加速
[短语] speed up 加速；使加速 at the speed of 以……速度； at high speed 以高 with all speed 以全速 travelling at the speed of light/sound以光速 / 音速行进
[学以致用]-I wonder ______ in Changsha in two hours. -Of course. The high speed train is very fast. A. whether I can arrive B. whether can I arrive C. when I can arrive [知识点]宾语从句的语序 解读 if/whether引导宾语从句解读 [答案] A
[详解]句意:一我想知道我能不能在两小时内到达长沙。一 当然可以。 高速列车非常快。
考查宾语从句。wonder后跟宾语从句，从句用陈述语序，排除B; whether I can arive我是否能到; when I can arive我什么时候
到。根据\"Of course. The high speed train is very fast.\"可知，空处应是询问的语气, A项符合语境。故选A。
22.brain /brein/ n. 大脑
damage to the brain脑部损伤 brain cells脑细胞 She died of a brain tumour.她死于脑瘤。
23.ability [əˈbɪləti] n.能力；才能
have the ability to do sth. 有能力做某事 to the best of one’s ability 尽某人最大努力
[近义词] capacity; talent; competence
同根词 able adj. 有能力的；能干的 disabled adj. 残疾的；有缺陷的
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[学以致用]-What do you think of the after class delay service? -It creates a good chance，___ we can develop our ability to learn by ourselves. A. so that B. because C. so D. so as to [答案] A [详解]句意:一
-你对课后延迟服务怎么看?一 它创造了一 个很好的机会，使我们可以发展自己学习的能力。
考查状语从句。so that以便; because因为; so因此; so as to以便(后接动词原形)。根据\"It creates a good chance..we can
develop our ability to learn by ourseves.\"可知，此空表示“以便”，且空后是一个从句, 故应该用so that,故选A。
24.active /æktiv/ adj.活跃的；积极的 take part in 参加 take an active part in 积极参加 be active in 在……方面积极
She is active and can speak English freely. 她很活跃，能自如地说英语。 [学以致用]Volunteering is a good way to experience life_____ the campus (校园). Take an active part in it, and you will learn more about the world. A. over B. beyond C. for D. above
[知识点] above beyond for介词辨析 解读 [答案] B
[详解]句意:志愿服务是体验校园之外生活的好方法。积极参与其中，你将更多地了解这个世界。
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考查介词辨析。over..... 上方; beyond超出....之外 超出; for为了; a.e.....上。根据\"Volunteering is a good way to
experience life .. .the campus (校园). Take an active part in it, and you will lear more about the world.”可知，志愿服务是校园之外的 活动，beyond the campus\"校园之外”，故选B。
25.attention /ətenʃn/ n. 注意；关注 pay attention to 注意；关注
keep sb’s attention 保持某人的注意力
turn one’s attention to sb./sth. 将某人的的注意力转移 catch one’s attention.
[学以致用]He waved his hand to_____ my attention. 他挥手以吸引我的注意力。
[学以致用]You must pay attention _____ your eyes. A. to protect B. to protecting C. protect D. protecting
[知识点]动名词作宾语解读 [答案] B
[详解]句意:你必须注意保护眼睛。
考查非谓语。此处是pay attention to doing sth“注意做某事”，to是介词，后接doing形式， 故选B。
[学以致用]With the introduction of Double Reduction\" policy (双减政策), the students have more time to_____ kinds of activities. A. pay attention to B. take part in C. come up with D. take part in
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[答案] B
[详解]句意:随着“双减\"政策的出台,学生有更多的时间参加各类活动。 考查动词短语辨析。pay attention to留意; take part in参加; come up with提出。根据\"take part in\"可知，此处表示参加活动，故选B.
26.connect /kənekt/ v. （使）连接；与⋯⋯有联系 connect … with 把⋯⋯和⋯⋯连接或联系起来 connect…to…把……连接到……
[学以致用] Please connect it ___ a computer. 请把它连接到电脑上。 A good student must connect what he reads ____ what he sees around him. A. in B. at C. with D. for [答案] C
[详解]句意: -个好学生必须把他所读到的东西与他所看到的东西联系起来。 考查介词。.n....里; at在(某处) ; wit....起; for为了。 connectA with B为固定搭配，意为\"把A与B联系起来”，符 合句意，故选C。
27.overnight /əuvə (r)nait/adv. 一夜之间；在夜间
After winning the prize she became famous overnight. 她获奖后一夜之间成名了。
28.review /rivju:/ v. &回顾复习[词源] re- 表示“再”；view 表示“看见”reviewer n.评论
29.knowledge /nɔlidʒ/ n.知识
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a good knowledge of English 丰富的英语知识 同根词knowledgeable adj. 有学问的，知识渊博的 Knowledge comes from questioning. 知识来自质疑。
30.wisely /waizli/ adv.明智地；聪明地 wise adj.明智的；聪明的
You should learn wisely. 你应该明智地学习 [学以致用]-How can I improve myself?
-Of course reading. The____ you read classic books, the_____ you will appear. A. much, wisely B. more, wiser C. more, more wisely [答案] B [详解]句意: - 我怎样才能提高自己?
当然是阅读。你读的经典书籍越多,你就会显得越聪明。
考查比较级结构。此处是“the+比较级, the+比较级”的结构， 表示“越...就越... appear后接形容词作表语， 故选B。
31.create [kriˈeɪt] v. 创造；创建
The main purpose of industry is to create wealth.工业的主要宗旨是创造财富。
同根词creation n.创造；创建；创建物 creative adj.有创造力的；创造性的creator n.创造着；创建 creativity n.创造力；创造性 [学以致用]一Who is _____ in your class? -Tina. She always has creative ideas. A. better . B. worse
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C. the smartest D. the laziest [答案] C .
[详解]句意:一谁是你们班最聪明的人?一 -Tina。 她总是有很多有创意的想法。 考查形容词最高级。根据\".. in your cas?\"可知是范围，用形容词最高级,根据“She always has creative ideas .She always has creative ideas.\"可知问的是最聪明的学生。故选C。
32.born [bɔːn] v. 出生； adj. 天生的 [拓展] born的原形是bear; birth n. 出生 at birth 出生时 give birth to 生孩子；产仔 memorize [ˈmeməraɪz] v. 记忆，记 住 in memory of 纪念...
同根词memory n. 记忆，回忆 memorial n. 纪念碑；纪念馆；纪念仪
33.look up （在字典，参考书中或通过电脑）查阅；抬头看 [look的其他短语] look for 寻找 look forward to 期望，期待 look into 调查 look at 看着
have/take a look 看一看 look after 关心；照顾
I often look up new words in the dictionary.我经常在字典中查新单词。[学以致用]一_Do you think there are____ new words in this suit? - Yes, that's right. I will____ first. A. too much; look up them B. too many; look them up C. much too; look them after
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1 [答案] B [详解]句意:
你认为这个单元的生词太多吗?一是的。 我得先去查一下。
考查短语辨析。too much太多，修饰不可数名词; too many太多，修饰可数名词; much too太,修饰形容词或副词; look up查
阅; look afer照顾。根据“new words\"可知，是名词复数，too many符合句意;代词应该放在动词和副词中间，look them up符合 句意;故选B。
二、重要短语、词组
1. listen to tapes听磁带 2.. learning habits 3. ask sb. for help/advice/sth 向某人寻求帮助/建议/某物
4. by making word cards 6. have conversations with friends 与朋友谈话
7. read aloud to practice pronunciation 大声阅读来练习发音 8. speaking skills 说的技巧 9. spoken English 口语英语
10. word by word 一句句 11. written English 书面英语 12. a little=a bit=a little bit=kind of+形容词 a little=a bit of+不可数名词
13. many/most/some/any of +the名词（代词宾格） 14. the secret to language learning 语言学习的秘密 15.he key to the door; the ticket to the ball game 16. …named/ called A 叫做A的……
17. the expressions on one’s face 脸上的表情
18. look sth up (in a dictionary) 在字典上查找 19. take notes 记笔记 20. have a better understanding of =understand … better理解……好 21. practice doing
22.make mistakes (in grammar) 在语法上犯错误 by mistake 错误地; mistake(v.)…for 错把…当成…
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23. be born with 天生具有……的能力 24. have…in common
25. pay attention to (介词) +doing sth注意.... look forward to(介词) +doing sth.期盼做....
26 write down (动副短语，代词宾格放中间)
27. keep +ving 28 do sth. on one’s own=do sth. alone(by oneself) 29.. a way to do sth
30.the ability of ……的能力 31. whether or not
32. SB+need to do sth.; sth+need doing (to be done) 33. explain sth to sb.
三．句型、句式
1.—How do you study for a test? 你是怎样准备考试的? —I study by working with a group. 我通过和小组成员合作学习。 【句型剖析】how引导特殊疑问句，常用来提问by引导的方式状语。 （1）by表示“通过……方法、手段”等。“by + doing” 意为“通过……(方法、途径)做某事” 表示通过某种方式、方法或手段去做某事，此时by短语用作状语。 【学以致用】
①I made great progress this term by working /studying hard(通过刻苦努力).
②By reading aloud (通过大声朗读),he has improved his pronunciation. (2) 意为“不迟于”、“到……时为止”。如：
►He will be all right by supper time. 他在晚饭前会好的。 (3) 表示方法、手段，可译作“靠”、“用” 、“凭借”等。
►The monkey was hanging from the tree by his tail.猴子用尾巴吊在树上。 (4) 用于被动句中，表示行为主体，常译 作“被”、“由”等。 ►English is spoken by many people. 许多人讲英语。
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(5) 组成其它短语：
by the way ：意为“顺便说”、“顺便问一 下”， 常作插入语。 ► By the way, where’s Lily? 顺便问一下，李丽在哪儿？ by oneself ：意为“单独”、“自己”。
► I can’t leave her by herself. 我不能把她单独留下。 by and by ：意为“不久以后”、“不一会儿”。
► By and by, more and more people began to study English. 不久以后，越来越多的人开始学英语了。
2. It’s too hard to understand spoken English. 【句型剖析】
“too + 形容词/副词 + to + 动词原形”结构，意为“太……而不能……”，该句型用于肯定句，但表示否定的意义。
例如：He is too young to go to school.他太小了，不能去上学。
【学以致用】英语对玲玲来讲太难,她学不会。English is too difficult /hard for Lingling to learn.
【拓展】 too…to…前面有never，not，only，but等词时，或出现too …not to do的双重否定时，否定词与不定式中的否定意义结合起来构成了肯定意义。 【学以致用】 It’s never too old to learn. （翻译）________________________
3.Annie, I’m a little nervous. 【句型剖析】
a little 可直接修饰不可数名词。 a bit 修饰名词时其后须加of，即a bit of，后接不可数名词。
例如： I drank a little milk just now. 我刚才喝了一点牛奶。 =I drank a bit of milk just now.
4.That doesn’t sound too bad.
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【句型剖析】 sound用作连系动词，“听起来”，其后常跟形容词。 英语中常用的连系动词：
一是（be），一感（feel），三保持（keep\\remain\\stay）， 二： ……起来：有四个连系动词（sound, look, smell, taste）， 三： 好像（seem），变了：有三个连系动词（ get, turn, become）。 四：prove come true go hungry
【学以致用】The door stays open____________________ （翻译）
5.The more you read, the faster you’ll be.
【句型剖析】“the +比较级，the +比较级”意为“越……就越……”。 例如：The more you smile, the happier you will feel.你微笑越多，你越感觉幸福。 【学以致用】
(1)你背诵单词的次数越多，你记得就越好。
The more times you recite the words,____ _____ you remember them. (2)你吃的食物越健康，你就会越强壮。The healthier food you eat,____ ___ you will be.
6.Why did Wei Fan find it difficult to learn English? 【句型剖析】“find + it +adj. +to do sth.””发现做某事…” 【学以致用】
杰克发现学好数学很难。Jack found ___difficult____ ____ math well.
7.I was afraid to ask questions because my pronunciation was very bad. 解析：be afraid to do sth. 意为“害怕做某事”I am afraid to travel by plane. 我怕乘飞机旅行。
【拓展】be afraid of sb/ sth. “害怕某人/某物”。Are you afraid of snake? 你怕蛇吗？
I am afraid that 从句. “担心…”。
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I’m afraid意为“恐怕”，主要用于礼貌地说出令人不快、失望或感到遗憾的事。
例如：I’m afraid I can’t stay.恐怕我不能留下。
【学以致用】 我小时候怕黑。I was afraid ____the dark when I was a child. 【学以致用】The best gift in the world may be not expensive, but must_____ love.
A. be full of B. be afraid of C. be busy with D. be worried about [答案] A
[详解]句意:世界上最好的礼物可能不贵，但必须充满爱。
考查形容词短语辨析。be full of充满; be afraid of害怕; be busy with忙于; be worried about担心。根据前句\"The best gift in the
world may be not expensive,\"语境和but的提示可知，应是礼物不-定要贵但是一 定要充满爱。 故选A。
8.What is the secret to language learning? 解析：the secret to … “…的秘诀” 其中to 为介词, 表示所属，意为“…的….”。例如：That is the secret to learning English well .她的年龄对我们大家来说是个秘密。
【拓展】in secret 偷偷地, 暗地里 He has left the country in secret.
他已秘密出国。
keep sth. a secret from = keep a / the secret from 对…保守秘密 例如：I can keep nothing a secret from you. 我对你没有保密的事。
9.It takes time. 这得花时间。
It takes sb. some time to do sth. 意思是“花了某人多长时间去做某事”。在这里，it是形式主语，指代后面的动词不定式，动词不定式才是真正的主语。
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【学以致用】
做这顿饭花了我三个小时It took me 3 hours ___ ____ (cook)the dinner.
9.Then one day I watched an English movie called Toy Story. I fell in love with this exciting and funny movie!
析1：called Toy Story. called为过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰名词movie. 析2：fall in love with “爱上某人/某物”。同义于“be in love with, 意为 “与…相爱”，表状态。
【学以致用】They fell in love___ each other after working together一起工作后他们相爱了。
10.I want to learn new words and more grammar so that I can have a better understanding of English movies.
解析： so that意为 “以便；为了” 【区分】so … that…. “如此……以至于”
The movie is so touching that I cried after watching it. 这部电影如此感人以至于我看后哭了。
The teacher spoke so quickly that I did not understand her most of the time. 老师讲得如此快以至于大部分时间我都听不懂她讲什么。 so……that……引导结果状语从句，意思是“如此……以至
于……”,
其中
so是副词，与形容词或副词连用，即“so+形容词或副词+that从句”。 【学以致用】他如此开心以至于说不出话来。He was ___ ___ ___ he couldn’t say a word.
【区别】so that引导的是目的状语从句，意思是“为了，目的是”。 Tom gets up early so that he can catch the first bus every day. 汤姆每天早起是为了能赶上第一班公共汽车
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11.Studies show that if you are interested in something, your brain is more active……研究表明，如果你对某种东西感兴趣，你的大脑会更加活跃……
be/get/become interested in sth. 意思是“对……感兴趣”,它与take/have/show an interest in sth. 同义。
【学以致用】我对科学感兴趣。I___ ___ ____ in science.
12.My pronunciation improved as well by listening to the conversations in English movies.
解析：as well 也；又（通常放句尾）
I sing my own songs and I play the guitar as well 我唱自己谱曲的歌，也弹吉他。
【学以致用】He is a teacher and a writer ___ ____.他是位教师，也是一位作家。
【辨析】also, too, as well, either 这些词均含“也”之意。 also比too正式一些，语气较重，只用于肯定句，一般紧靠动词。
too语气较轻，多用于口语，在肯定句中使用，通常位于句末。 之前加逗号。 as well一般不用否定句，通常放在句末，强调时可放在句中。 either用于否定句，放在句末，之前加逗号。
13.I discovered that listening to something you are interested in is the secret to language learning. 解析：invent & discover
invent 指通过劳动运用聪明才智“发明；创造”出以前从未存在过的新事物。 Edison invented the light bulb.爱迪生发明了电灯泡。
discover是指“发现”原来就有而一直没被发现的东西(如电、煤、石油等矿藏及新星、星系或科学真理等)
【学以致用】Columbus______ America in 1492. 1492年哥伦布发现了美洲。
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14.Everyone is born with the ability to learn. But whether or not you can do this well depends on your learning habits.
[解析] ① be born 意为“天生，出生”为被动语态，be 动词通常用was 或were，born 为bear 的过去式。
►I was born in a small village. 我出生在一个小山村。 ►He was born to succeed in life. 他生来注定会成功。
② ability 在此处为不可数名词，意为“能力”常构成短语 have the ability to do sth. ( 有能力做某事)， 而不用“have the ability of doing sth”结构。
►Man has the ability to speak. 人类有说话的能力。
③ whether or not 意为“是否”, whether引导主语从句，不能与if 替换。 ►whether she will come or not is still a problem. 她是否会来还是个问题。 ④ Depend on 意为“ 视……而定，取决于；依靠；依赖 ”。后接名词，代词或动名词。既不能用于进行时态也不能用于被动语态。►We depend on the newspaper for daily news.
我们得靠报纸得知每天的消息。►You may depend on his coming. 你可以相信他会来。
15.Studies show that if you are interested in something, your brain is more active and it is also easier for you to pay attention to it for a long time.
[解析] ① active adj, “活跃的，积极的”，可作表语或定语。 常用短语：take an active part in，意为“积极参加”
►Although he is over 80, he is still very active.他虽然年过八十，但是仍很活跃。
►We all take an active part in the sports meeting.我们都积极参加运动会。 ② pay attention to 意为“注意，关注”，其中to 为介词，其后可接名词、代词或动词-ing形式。►You’d better pay attention to this word in the English exam last time.
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你最好注意一下上次英语考试中的这个单词。
16.Good learners often connect what they need to learn with something they are interested in.[① connect…with…意为“ 把……和……联系起来” 其中connect意为“（使）连接；与……有联系”，其名词形式为connection，意为“连接；关系”。
►Please don’t connect this person with that person. 请不要把这个人和那个人联系在一起。
② need 在此处为及物动词，意为“需要” 其后跟名词、代词、动词不定式或动词-ing形式。need作实义动词时，既可用于肯定句，也可用于否定句和疑问句，构成否定和疑问句时要借助助动词do/ does/ did。 ►I need a lot of money now. 我现在很需要钱。
►You need to take good care of your mother. 你要好好照顾你妈妈。
17.Good learners think about what they are good at and what they need to practice more. [解析]
① Think about 意为“考虑”其后接名词、代词、动词-ing 形式或宾语从句。 ►They are thinking about a serious problem.他们正在考虑一个严肃的问题。 ② Be good at “擅长”同义于 do well in “在某方面做得好” ►He is good at English.= he does well in English.
18.Even if you learn something well, you will forget it unless you use it.
[解析]① Even if 意为“即使，尽管”，用于让步状语从句，有退一步设想的意味，同义于“even though”。
►I’ll help you, even if I must stay up the whole night. 即使熬夜一整晚我也要帮助你。
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② forget 后直接跟名词、代词、动词不定式或动词-ing 形式，但两者意义完全不同。
forget to do sth. 和 forget doing sth. forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事
forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事 I forget turning off the light. 我忘记已经关灯了。
【学以致用】I forget____ ____( turn )off the light. 我忘记关灯了。 ③ unless conj. 除非；如果不 ，作连词，用来引导状语从句，常可以转化为“if...not...”的同义句。 若主句为一般将来时，unless引导的条件状语从句要用一般现在时表示将来。
I shall go to the supermarket unless it rains.= I shall go to the supermarket if it doesn’t rain .
【学以致用】--- Can I hang out with my friends this Sunday, Mum? ---_____, unless you finish your homework completely. A. Of course B. No way C. Good luck [答案] B
[详解]句意:一妈妈， 这周日我可以跟我的朋友去逛街吗?一没门， 除非你完全完成你的作业。
考查情景交际。Of course当然; No way没门; Good luck好运。根据\"“unless you finish your homework completely.\"可知，除非你完 全完成你的作业，否则没门，故选B。
18.Knowledge comes from questioning.
[解析]question在句子中作动词，是“质疑；质问；提问”的意思。例如： ►I just accepted what he told me. I never thought to question it. 当question用作动词，表示对某人或事物进行提问时，是一种十分正式的用法，有“提问；询问；审问”的意思。
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►The police questioned him for three hours before letting him go.
四．单元语法
---How do you learn English? ---I learn English by studying with a group.
语法重点 ： how引导的特殊疑问句及答语
how在本单元中询问方式、方法，意为“怎样，怎么，如何”。 结构为：How do/does + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他？
回答这种问句时常用by短语或by后接动词的-ing形式，表示“用……手段、方式”或“凭借……交通工具”。有时也用on短语表示交通方式。 回答句子结构为：by + 短语 或 by + V-ing形式。
【学以致用】I have improved a lot ___ ___ ____通过努力学习，我提高了很多。
总结by的用法
1.I have already read the book by Mo Yan. 作“创作”讲 2.Every day I go to school by bus. by+交通工具 乘坐…
3.I chat with my mother by WeChat every day. 表示传达、传递的方式或媒介
4.They were playing by the lake at that time. 在…旁边
5.The window was broken by me yesterday. 作“被”讲，后接动作的执行者，用于被动语态
6.Please come home by 10 p.m. 在…之前
By 的其他固定短语：
By the way 顺便；顺便问一下 By chance 偶然，碰巧 By hand 用手 One by one 一个接一个
五、写作 主题：How to study English
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一）话题分析：
本单元的话题是“如何学习英语”，属于说明文的范畴。考查熟练使用一般现在时描述学习英语的经历；分享学习经验。根据他人学习中遇到的困难给出合理建议。重点考查学生以下能力：
1.掌握并熟练使用一般现在时； 2.能熟练使用说明文体裁写短文； 3.熟练使用信件的书写格式。 4.掌握常用的提建议的句型。 二），写作步骤：
1.总分总结构。短文通常分为三个部分： 总------第一部分：开篇点题。
分-------第二部分：详细描述学习英语的方法或者给出的建议。 总——第三部分：收尾/署名。
2.人称：第一人称。 3.时态：一般现在时。 三），词汇积累：
1.have difficulty in在某方面有困难
2.memorize words记忆词汇 3.listen to tapes听磁带 4.be afraid to do害怕做 5.make mistakes犯错 6.take notes 记笔记 7.practice doing练习做 8.sing English songs唱英文歌曲 9.poor pronunciation糟糕的发音 10.be good at擅长 11.begin to do开始做某事 12.the key words关键词 四），句型积累：
1.I have learned a lot that way.通过那种方法我学会很多。
13.be interested in对.........感兴趣
14.help sb with 在.......帮助别人 15.like doing sth喜欢做........ 16.improve改善 17.look up查阅 18.keep diary写日记
19.read English books读英语书 20.ask for help求助 21.learning habits学习习惯 22.pay attention to注意 23.connect with 联系起来 24.review复习
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2.You can learn English by working with friends.你可以通过和朋友们一起来学习英语。
3.Don't read word by word.不要逐词去读。
4.You can become better by reading something you enjoy every day.通过每天读点喜爱的东西，你会变得更好。
5.The more you read, the faster you will be.你读的越多，你的速度会越好。 6.I am afraid of making mistakes.我怕犯错。
7.I can get the meaning by listening for just the key words.我可以通过留意关键词来理解意思。
8.I find it difficult to speak English.我发现说英语很难。 9.Practice makes perfect.熟能生巧。
10.It's a good way to learn English by watching English movies.通过看英语电影学习英语是一种很好的方式。
五、写作训练
假定你是张华，你的好朋友王伟写信向你求助如何学习英语。请根据以下要点用英语给他写封回信。内容包括：1.看英语电影、听英语歌曲，猜测生词意思；2.多用英语交流；3.把单词写在纸条上，利用纸条记忆单词。
要求：90词左右；开头已给出，不计入词数。 Dear Wang Wei,
I received your email yesterday. In the email, you asked me how to improve your English. Now I’d like to give you some advice. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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__________________________________________________________________________________________________ 文赏析： 训练一： Dear Wang Wei,
I received your email yesterday. In the email, you asked me how to improve your English. Now I’d like to give you some advice.
Firstly, it’s a good way to learn English by watching English movies and listen to English songs. You can guess the meanings of the new words through that.
Secondly, you should speak more in English. Don’t be afraid to make mistakes. You’d better communicate with a foreign teacher if you have a chance. Smile before you speak and do not feel shy.
In the end, write four or five words a day on pieces of paper and put them up on the wall. Then read the words when you see them, and try to use them. These are my suggestions. I hope they are useful to you.
Yours,
Zhang Hua
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