2016年南京师范大学翻译硕士英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)

2016年南京师范大学翻译硕士英语真题试卷 (题后含答案及解析)

题型有：1. Vocabulary 2. Reading Comprehension 3. Writing

Vocabulary

1． I can’t decide what to do. I’ll ______it and let you know tomorrow. A．sleep for B．sleep off C．sleep on D．sleep out of

正确答案：C

解析：本题考查动词短语辨析。sleep on it为固定搭配，意为”(把重要的事)留待第二天决定”，故答案为[C]项。sleep off意为“用睡眠消除(旅途劳顿、暴饮暴食等行为引起的不适)”。没有sleep for和sleep out of的用法。

2． In the ______of the hurricane, many people’s homes were destroyed. A．result B．aftermath C．consequence D．upshot

正确答案：B

解析：本题考查名词的词义辨析。result意为“结果，效果”，为普通用词，含义广泛，侧重因某种原因所产生的最终结果，而不是眼前的结果。aftermath意为“后果，余波”，尤指灾难或不幸事件的后果，符合空后的hurricane…homes were destroyed的语义，故为答案。consequence意为“结果，后果”，多指某一事件引起的必然或自然的结果，不强调直接的因果关系，而侧重事件发展的逻辑关系。upshot意为“最终结果，结局”，是一种决定性结果。

3． In the light from the hall, her hair had a golden______. A．gleam B．glisten C．glimmer D．glare

正确答案：A

解析：本题考查名词的词义辨析。gleam意为“闪光，闪亮”，尤指反射的微弱光线。根据in the light from the hall和her hair判断，答案为[A]项。glisten意为“(光洁或湿润表面等反射的亮光)闪耀，闪光”。glimmer意为“(常指闪烁的)微光”。glare意为“强光”，指眩目的光。

4． To my mind, Mark Twain was ______the large man of his time. A．beyond the question B．beyond question C．beyond the doubt D．out of the question

正确答案：B

解析：本题考查短语辨析。beyond question意为“毫无疑问，无可争辩，毋庸置疑”，相当于短语out of question，既可起形容词的作用，在句中用作表语，也可起副词的作用，在句中作状语。根据句意，马克·吐温无疑是他那一时代中了不起的人物，故答案为[B]项。out of the question意为“不可能”，相当于impossible，常用于口语中或句子主语是更加具体的名词或动名词，而不是it或that。没有beyond the question和beyond the doubt这两个固定搭配。

5． The ______that democracies do not fight each other is based on a tiny historical sample.

A．propagation B．preposition C．proposal D．proposition

正确答案：D

解析：本题考查名词的词义辨析。propagation意为“宣传；传播；使普及”。preposition意为“介词”。proposal意为“提议，建议，提案；求婚”。proposition意为“见解，观点”。分析句子结构可知，that引导的是同位语从句，结合四个选项判断，democracies do not fight each other应是一种观点。句意为：认为民主国家互不争斗的观点是以一个极小的历史样本为根据的。

6． The roof ______under the weight of the snow. A．fell

B．submerged C．collapsed D．descended

正确答案：C

解析：本题考查动词的词义辨析。根据空后的the weight of the snow和四个选项的含义判断，既然是由于雪的重量导致的问题，那么房顶应该是坍塌才符合语义，故答案为collapse(倒塌，塌下)。fall意为“跌倒，塌倒；落下，降落”。submerge意为“潜入水中”。descend意为“下来，下降”。

7． Which of the following words can NOT be used to complete “With urbanization the ______between rich and poor sharpened”?

A．grudge B．antagonism

C．detestation D．hatred

正确答案：B 解析：本题考查名词的词义辨析。grudge意为“不满，积怨，怨恨”。antagonism意为“敌对，对立，对抗”，强调“对立情绪”。detestation意为“厌恶，憎恶”。hatred意为“仇恨，憎恶，敌意”。根据空前的urbanization(城市化)和空后的rich and poor(贫富)判断，应表示贫富间的对立情绪。句意为：随着城市化的推进，贫富间的对立情绪也加剧了。

8． The moon was casting a rainbow through the ______from the waterfall. A．spread B．spray C．scatter D．strew

正确答案：B

解析：本题考查名词的词义辨析。spread意为“传播，蔓延”。spray意为“浪花，水花，飞沫；水雾，喷雾”。scatter意为“(散放的)摊，堆”。strew意为“撒，散播，在……上布满(或撒满)”，是动词。根据空前的定冠词the，首先排除[D]项。根据空后的the waterfall(瀑布)判断，本空所填词应表示“水花”，故答案为[B]项。句意为：月亮在瀑布溅起的水花上照出了一道彩虹。

9． His family was subjected to a (n) ______attack by the gang. A．tedious B．hideous C．evil

D．notorious

正确答案：B

解析：本题考查形容词的词义辨析。tedious意为“乏味的，单调的，冗长的”。hideous意为“(事件、经历或行动)极可恶的，非常痛苦的，令人难以忍受的”，符合空后attack by the gang(匪帮的袭击)的语义，故为答案。evil意为“邪恶的，坏的”。notorious意为“声名狼藉的；臭名昭著的”。句意为：他的家人遭到了匪帮的恐怖袭击。

10． The country was on the ______of becoming prosperous and successful. A．brim B．rim C．edge D．verge

正确答案：D 解析：本题考查短语辨析。四个选项均与on the…of构成短语。on the brim of

意为“(容器的)边，边缘”。on the rim of意为“(圆形物体的)边，缘”。on the edge of意为“濒于，几乎，在……边缘”，强调位置。on the verge of意为“接近于，濒临于”，强调将要发生的情况，形势，处境。根据空后的becoming判断，句子应该表示即将发生的事情。句意为：这个国家即将走向繁荣富强。

11． Which of the following sentences is INCORRECT? A．All his lectures are very interesting. B．Half their savings were gone.

C．Many his friends came to the party. D．Both his sisters are nurses.

正确答案：C

解析：本题考查限定词排序。限定词的先后顺序为：前位+中位+后位。四个选项中，all，both，half为前位限定词，his和their为中位限定词，many为后位限定词。Many his为“后位+中位”，不符合限定词的先后顺序，故[C]项不正确。

12． Which of the following words can NOT be used to complete “We’ve seen the film______”?

A．before B．recently C．lately D．yet

正确答案：D

解析：本题考查副词作状语的用法。yet常用于否定句和疑问句，而原句为陈述句，yet在此不能使句子补充完整，符合题干要求。

13． ______should not become a serious disadvantage in life and work. A．To be not tall B．Not being tall C．Being not tall D．Not to be tall

正确答案：B

解析：本题考查非谓语动词辨析。动词不定式和动名词作主语时的区别：动词不定式作主语时，通常表示具体的某一次动作，动名词作主语时，通常表示泛指或一般的抽象概念，如已知的事实或经验。句中“长得不高”是泛指，即已知的事实，故排除[A]项和[D]项。动名词短语being tall是一个整体，表示“长得高”这一事实，所以否定时将not加在前面。

14． They stood chatting together as easily and naturally as______. A．it could be B．could be

C．it was D．was

正确答案：B

解析：本题考查状语从句。本句是一个省略句，完整的句子为：They stood chatting together as easily and naturally as they could be chatting．其中的easily and naturally修饰的是chatting，[B]项是they could be chatting的省略形式，为答案。[A]项it could be表示“在可能的情况下”，it指代不明，故排除。句意为：他们站在一起尽可能轻松而又自然地聊天。

15． The following are all correct responses to “Who told the news to the teacher?” EXCEPT______.

A．Jim did this B．Jim did so C．Jim did that D．Jim did

正确答案：A

解析：本题考查省略回答。对Who told the news to the teacher的标准回答是Jim did，即Jim did it的省略句。此外，还可以用其他代词指代问句中出现的内容，so和that都可以指代前文中提到的内容，而this通常用于指代下文内容，是对题干句不正确的回答，符合题干要求。

16． In his plays, Shakespeare ______his characters live through their language. A．would make B．had made C．has made D．makes

正确答案：D

解析：本题考查动词时态。分析句子可知，虽然莎士比亚已经去世，但此处是陈述一个事实情况(一个文学常识)，故应用一般现在时，所以答案为[D]项。句意为：在他的戏剧里，莎士比亚通过语言使他的人物角色栩栩如生。

17． The square itself is five hundred yards wide, five times ______the size of St. Peter’s in Rome.

A．/

B．that of C．which is D．of

正确答案：A

解析：本题考查倍数表达法。通常，英语中倍数表示法有如下几种：a．主语+谓语+倍数(或分数)+as+形容词+as。例如：I have three times as many as you．(我

有你三倍那么多。)b．主语+谓语+倍数(分数)+the size(amount，length…)of…。例如：The earth is 49 times the size of the moon．(地球的体积是月球的49倍。)c．主语+谓语+倍数(分数)+形容词(副词)比较级+than…。例如：The grain output is 8 percent higher this year than that of last year． (今年比去年粮食产量增加8％。)d．还可以用by+倍数，表示增加多少倍。例如：The production of grain has been increased by four times this year．(今年粮食产量增加了4倍。)本题正是第二种用法，故答案为[A]项。

18． ______dull he may be, he is certainly a very successful top executive. A．Although B．Whatever C．As

D．However

正确答案：D

解析：本题考查让步状语从句的连接词。分析句子可知，空后的形容词dull需用副词修饰，选项中能修饰形容词的只有however，故答案为[D]项。whatever后接名词，ahhough和as是连词，后接句子。句意为：无论他可能多么迟钝，他都是一名当之无愧的成功高层主管人员。

19． If only I ______play the guitar as well as you! A．would B．could C．should D．might

正确答案：B 解析：本题考查虚拟语气。if only引导的从句需用虚拟语气时与I wish一样，表示与事实相反的愿望，其后虚拟语气的时态与wish后所接时态的情况相同，对目前情况的虚拟，谓语动词用“could+动词原形”，所以[B]项正确。

20． The party, ______I was the guest of honor, was extremely enjoyable. A．by which B．for which C．to which D．at which

正确答案：D

解析：本题考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此句为非限制性定语从句，先行词the party在从句中作状语，由于“在晚会上”介词用at，所以引导词为at which，相当于关系副词where。

Reading Comprehension

Yet the difference in tone and language must strike us, so soon as it is philosophy that speaks; that change should remind us that even if the function of religion and that of reason coincide, this function is performed in the two cases by very different organs. Religions are many, reason one. Religion consists of conscious ideas, hopes, enthusiasms, and objects of worship; it operates by grace and flourishes by prayer. Reason, on the other hand, is a mere principle or potential order, on which indeed we may come to reflect but which exists in us ideally only, without variation or stress of any kind. We conform or do not conform to it; it does not urge or chide us, not call for any emotions on our part other than those naturally aroused by the various objects which it unfolds in their true nature and proportion. Religion brings some order into life by weighting it with new materials. Reason adds to the natural materials only the perfect order which it introduces into them. Rationality is nothing but a form, an ideal constitution which experience may more or less embody. Religion is a part of experience itself, a mass of sentiments and ideas. The one is an inviolate principle, the other a changing and struggling force. And yet this struggling and changing force of religion seems to direct man toward something eternal. It seems to make for an ultimate harmony within the soul and for an ultimate harmony between the soul and all that the soul depends upon. Religion, in its intent, is a more conscious and direct pursuit of the Life of Reason than is society, science, or art, for these approach and fill out the ideal life tentatively and piecemeal, hardly regarding the goal or caring for the ultimate justification of the instinctive aims. Religion also has an instinctive and blind side and bubbles up in all manner of chance practices and intuitions; soon, however, it feels its way toward the heart of things, and from whatever quarter it may come, veers in the direction of the ultimate. Nevertheless, we must confess that this religious pursuit of the Life of Reason has been singularly abortive. Those within the pale of each religion may prevail upon themselves, to express satisfaction with its results, thanks to a fond partiality in reading the past and generous draughts of hope for the future; but any one regarding the various religions at once and comparing their achievements with what reason requires, must feel how terrible is the disappointment which they have one and all prepared for mankind. Their chief anxiety has been to offer imaginary remedies for mortal ills, some of which are incurable essentially, while others might have been really cured by well-directed effort. The Greek oracles, for instance, pretended to heal out natural ignorance, which has its appropriate though difficult cure, while the Christian vision of heaven pretended to be an antidote to our natural death — the inevitable correlate of birth and of a changing and conditioned existence. By methods of this sort little can be done for the real betterment of life. To confuse intelligence and dislocate sentiment by gratuitous fictions is a short-sighted way of pursuing happiness. Nature is soon avenged. An unhealthy exaltation and a one-sided morality have to be followed by regrettable reactions. When these come, the real rewards of life may seem vain to a relaxed vitality, and the very name of virtue may irritate young spirits untrained in and natural excellence. Thus religion too often debauches the morality it comes to sanction and impedes the science it ought to fulfill. What is the secret of this ineptitude? Why does religion, so near to rationality in its purpose, fall so short of it in

its results? The answer is easy; religion pursues rationality through the imagination. When it explains events or assigns causes, it is an imaginative substitute for science. When it gives precepts, insinuates ideals, or remoulds aspiration, it is an imaginative substitute for wisdom — I mean for the deliberate and impartial pursuit of all good. The condition and the aims of life are both represented in religion poetically, but this poetry tends to arrogate to itself literal truth and moral authority, neither of which it possesses. Hence the depth and importance of religion becomes intelligible no less than its contradictions and practical disasters. Its object is the same as that of reason, but its method is to proceed by intuition and by unchecked poetical conceits.

21． As used in the passage, the author would define “wisdom” as______. A．the pursuit of rationality through imagination B．an unemotional search for the truth

C．a purposeful and unbiased quest for what is best D．a short-sighted way of pursuing happiness

正确答案：C

解析：事实细节题。根据题干中的wisdom可将本题出处定位于最后一段第五句。该句指出，当宗教给出训诫、暗示理想或重塑抱负时，它是智慧的代替——智慧的意思是有意识而又公正地追求一切好东西，故答案为[C]项。

22． Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE? A．Religion seeks the truth through imagination, reason, in its search, utilizes the emotions.

B．Religion has proved an ineffective tool in solving man’s problems. C．Science seeks a piecemeal solution to man’s questions. D．The functions of philosophy and reason are the same.

正确答案：A

解析：事实细节题。第一段第五句指出，不论我们是否遵循理性，它不会催促或责备我们，除了以本来面目和比例揭示各种事物而自然而然地激起我们的感情，它并不需要我们付出任何感情，由此可知，理性并不需要运用感情，[A]项的表述与原文不符，故为答案。

23． According to the author, science differs from religion in that______. A．it is unaware of ultimate goals B．it is unimaginative

C．its findings are exact and final D．it resembles society and art

正确答案：A

解析：事实细节题。根据题干中的science可将本题出处定位于第一段倒数第二句。该句指出，宗教在其意义上，比社会、科学、艺术更自觉、更直接地追

求“理性生活”，因为它们(社会、科学、艺术)暂时而又零星地接近和填补理想的生活，无视目的，也不管其本能的目标是否最终证明正确，故答案为[A]项。

24． The author states that religion differs from rationality in that______. A．it relies on intuition rather than reasoning

B．it is not concerned with the ultimate justification of its instinctive aims C．it has disappointed mankind D．it has inspired mankind

正确答案：D

解析：事实细节题。第一段倒数第三、四句指出，宗教的挣扎与不断变化的力量似乎促使人追求某种永恒的东西，它似乎追求灵魂的最终和谐以及灵魂与灵魂所依赖的一切事物之间的永恒的和谐。也就是说宗教能够激起人们的情感，故答案为[D]项。

25． According to the author, the pursuit of religion has proved to be______. A．imaginative

B．a provider of hope for the future C．a highly intellectual activity D．ineffectual

正确答案：D

解析：事实细节题。第二段第一句指出，我们必须承认宗教对理性生活的追求失败了(流产了)。也就是说，宗教追求理性生活是无效的，故答案为[D]项。

In some countries where racial prejudice is acute, violence has so come to be taken for granted as a means of solving differences, that it is not even questioned. There are countries where the white man imposes his rule by brute force; there are countries where the black man protests by setting fire to cities and by looting and pillaging. Important people on both sides, who would in other respects appear to be reasonable men, get up and calmly argue in favor of violence — as if it were a legitimate solution, like any other. What is really frightening, what really fills you with despair, is the realization that when it comes to the crunch, we have made no actual progress at all. We may wear collars and ties instead of war-paint, but our instincts remain basically unchanged. The whole of the recorded history of the human race, that tedious documentation of violence, has taught us absolutely nothing. We have still not learnt that violence never solves a problem but makes it more acute. The sheer horror, the bloodshed, the suffering mean nothing. No solution ever comes to light the morning after when we dismally contemplate the smoking ruins and wonder what hit us. The truly reasonable men who know where the solutions lie are finding it harder and harder to get a hearing. They are despised, mistrusted and even persecuted by their own kind because they advocate such apparently outrageous things as law enforcement. If half the energy that goes into violent acts were put to good use, if our efforts were directed at cleaning up the slums and ghettos, at

improving living-standards and providing education and employment for all, we would have gone a long way to arriving at a solution. Our strength is sapped by having to mop up the mess that violence leaves in its wake. In a well-directed effort, it would not be impossible to fulfill the ideals of a stable social program. The benefits that can be derived from constructive solutions are everywhere apparent in the world around us. Genuine and lasting solutions are always possible, providing we work within the framework of the law. Before we can even begin to contemplate peaceful co-existence between the races, we must appreciate each other’s problems. And to do this, we must learn about them: it is a simple exercise in communication, in exchanging information. “Talk, talk, talk,” the advocates of violence say, “all you ever do is talk, and we are none the wiser.” It’s rather like the story of the famous barrister who painstakingly explained his case to the judge. After listening to a lengthy argument the judge complained that after all this talk, he was none the wiser. “Possible, my lord,” the barrister replied, “none the wiser, but surely far better informed.” Knowledge is the necessary prerequisite to wisdom: the knowledge that violence creates the evils it pretends to solve.

26． What is the best title for this passage? A．Advocating Violence.

B．Violence Can Do Nothing to Diminish Race Prejudice.

C．Important People on Both Sides See Violence As a Legitimate Solution. D．The Instincts of Human Race Are Thirsty for Violence.

正确答案：B

解析：文章主旨题。第一段主要指出一种现象：在种族歧视严重的国家中，暴力被公认为是一种解决方法，整个有关人类的有文字记录的历史，即对暴力进行冗长记录的历史，根本没有教给我们任何东西。第二段解释这种现象可能的解决办法：在法律的构架中进行工作。第三段进一步提出解决办法：对彼此问题的“交流、对话”了解双方问题的前提。综合这三段可知，本文认为暴力解决不了问题，要依靠法律及双方的“交流、对话”，[B]项符合本文的主旨，故为答案。

27． Recorded history has taught us______. A．violence never solves anything B．nothing

C．the bloodshed means nothing D．everything

正确答案：B

解析：事实细节题。根据题干中的Recorded history可将本题出处定位于第一段第六句。本句指出，整个人类的有文字记录的历史，即对暴力进行冗长记录的历史，根本没有教给我们任何东西，故答案为[B]项。

28． It can be inferred that truly reasonable men______.

A．can’t get a hearing B．are looked down upon C．are persecuted

D．have difficulty in advocating law enforcement

正确答案：D

解析：事实细节题。根据题干中的truly reasonable men可将本题出处定位于第二段。本段前两句指出，那些知道解决方法是什么的真正有理智的人发现自己的想法越来越难以被别人倾听。他们因为宣扬法制而遭到同类的轻视、不信任、甚至是迫害。[A]项、[B]项和[C]项虽然都有提及，但它们都包含在[D]项内，所以本题最佳答案应为[D]项。

29． “ He was none the wiser” means______. A．he was not at all wise in listening

B．he was not at all wiser than nothing before C．he gains nothing after listening D．he makes no sense of the argument

正确答案：C

解析：句意理解题。根据题干中的“He was none the wiser”可将本题出处定位于最后一段倒数第三、四句。这两句中提到，一位著名的律师费劲地向法官解释案件，但是在听完后，法官抱怨he was none the wiser。结合选项及句意可推断，he was none the wiser在这里表示“不明白”，即不管律师怎么解释案件，法官还是没听明白，故答案为[C]项。

30． According the author the best way to solve race prejudice is______. A．law enforcement B．knowledge C．nonviolence

D．mopping up the violent mess

正确答案：A

解析：事实细节题。第二段最后一句指出，如果我们在法律的构架中进行工作，真正持久的解决总是能实现的。由此可知，作者认为要解决种族歧视，最好的方法是依靠法律的力量来解决，故答案为[A]项。

A bilingual person is someone who speaks two languages. A person who speaks more than two languages is called “multilingual” (although the term “bilingualism” can be used for both situations). Multilingualism isn’t unusual; in fact, it’s the norm for most of the world’s societies. It’s possible for a person to know and use three, four, or even more languages fluently. People may become bilingual either by acquiring two languages at the same time in childhood or by learning a second language sometime after acquiring their first language. Many bilingual people grow up speaking two languages. Often in America such people are the children of

immigrants; these children grow up speaking their parents’ native language in their childhood home while speaking English at school. Many bilinguals, however, are not immigrants; it is not uncommon for people born in the U. S. to speak English at school or work and another language at home. Children can also become bilingual if their parents speak more than one language to them, or if some other significant person in their life (such as a grandparent or caretaker) speaks to them consistently in another language. Sometimes a child will grow up in a household in which each parent speaks a different language; in that case, the child may learn to speak to each parent in that parent’s language. In short, a young child who is regularly exposed to two languages from an early age will most likely become a fluent native speaker of both languages. The exposure must involve interaction; a child growing up in an English-speaking household who is exposed to Spanish only through Spanish-language television won’t become a Spanish-English bilingual, but a child who is regularly spoken to in both English and Spanish will. It is also possible to learn a second language sometime after early childhood, but the older you get, the harder it is to learn to speak a new language as well as a native speaker. Many linguists believe there is a “critical period” (lasting roughly from birth until puberty) during which a child can easily acquire any language that he or she is regularly exposed to. Under this view, the structure of the brain changes at puberty, and after that it becomes harder to learn a new language. This means that it is much easier to learn a second language during childhood than as an adult. In some countries, nearly everybody is bilingual or multilingual. In parts of India, for example, a small child usually knows several languages. In many European countries, children are encouraged to learn a second language — typically English. In fact, the U. S. is quite unusual among the countries of the world in that many of its citizens speak only English, and they are rarely encouraged to become fluent in any other language. There is no evidence to suggest that it’s any harder for a child to acquire two languages than it is for the child to acquire one language. As long as people are regularly speaking with the child in both languages, the child will acquire them both easily. A child doesn’t have to be exceptional or have any special language ability to become bilingual; as long as the child is exposed to two languages throughout early childhood, he or she will acquire them both. Some people worry that learning more than one language is bad for a child, but nothing could be further from the truth. In fact, there are a lot of advantages to knowing more than one language. First, many linguists feel that knowing a second language actually benefits a child’s cognitive development. Second, if the child comes from a family that has recently immigrated to the U. S. , the family may speak a language other than English at home and may still have strong ties to their ethnic roots. In this case, being able to speak the language of the family’s ethnic heritage may be important for the child’s sense of cultural identity. To be unable to speak the family’s language could make a child feel like an outsider within his or her own family; speaking the family’s language gives the child a sense of identity and belonging. Third, in an increasingly global marketplace, it’s an advantage for anyone to know more than one language — regardless of whether one’s family is new to the U. S. And finally, for people of any age or profession,

knowing a second language encourages cross-cultural awareness and understanding. Some people may wonder whether bilingualism in America threatens the English language. Well, English is in no danger of disappearing any time soon; it is firmly established both in America and in countries throughout the world. In fact, no language has ever held as strong a position in the world as English does today. Some people worry when they see Spanish showing up on billboards and pay phones, but in a neighborhood with a high Spanish-speaking population, it makes perfectly good sense for public information and instructions to be printed in both English and Spanish. This doesn’t mean that the English language is in danger. The truth is that there will probably always be immigrants in the U. S. , coming from a wide variety of countries, who cannot speak English but whose grandchildren and great-grandchildren will end up being native English speakers. The reason for this is, again, the fact that it is much easier for children to learn another language than it is for adults. Adults who immigrate to the U. S. , especially later in life, may never really become fluent in English. It’s not that they don’t want to speak English; it’s simply much more difficult for them to learn it well. Their children, however, will be able to pick up English easily from their friends and the society around them. These second-generation immigrants, the children of the adult immigrants, are likely to be bilingual, speaking their parents’ language at home and English at school and in the English-speaking community. When they grow up and have children of their own, those children — the third generation — will most likely speak only English, both at home with their bilingual parents and in the English-speaking community. This three-generation pattern has been repeating itself for many years, through wave after wave of immigrants. Many adults today who speak only English can remember grandparents and great-grandparents who spoke very little English, who instead spoke mostly Polish, Italian, German, or Swedish — the language of the country they grew up in. In sum, bilingualism isn’t a danger either to the English language or to the bilingual speakers themselves. On the contrary, there are many advantages to bilingualism, both for the individual and for the society as a whole. English enjoys tremendous dominance in the U. S. and in the world. But if history is any indication, there will always be people in the U. S. who cannot speak English — and they will have grandchildren who do. Answer the following questions:

31． How can people be bilingual?

正确答案：People can acquire two languages at the same time in childhood or learn a second language sometime after acquiring their first language．

解析：事实细节题。本题针对人们成为通两种语言的人的方式提问，第二段第一句给予了回答：一种是在孩童时期同时习得两种语言；一种是在掌握了第一语言后的某个时间内学习第二种语言。

32． What is the importance of “interaction” in the process of being bilingual?

正确答案：Interaction makes a child acquire two languages at the same time． 解析：事实细节题。根据题干中的interaction可将本题出处定位于第二段最后一句。本句指出，接触两种语言必须包含互动，在一个讲英语的家庭中成长起来的孩子，如果只通过西班牙语电视节目接触西班牙语，那么他不会成为一个精通西班牙语和英语的人，但是如果孩子经常使用英语和西班牙语交流，那么他就会成为一个通晓这两种语言的人。由此可知，互动使孩子能成为同时掌握两种语言的人。

33． In what way are the Americans “quite unusual” (Paragraph 4)?

正确答案：Many of Americans speak only English，and they are rarely encouraged to become fluent in any other language．

解析：事实细节题。第四段最后一句指出，事实上，美国在世界上所有国家中是非常与众不同的，in that引导的从句解释了原因：许多公民只讲英语，他们很少被鼓励精通另外一种语言。

34． According to the text, is it harder for a child to acquire two languages than it is for him to acquire only one language? Why or why not?

正确答案：No，it’s not．Because as long as children are regularly spoken in both languages，they will acquire them both easily．

解析：事实细节题。第五段第一句指出，没有证据表明对一个孩子来说，习得两种语言比只习得一种语言更难。第二句解释了原因：只要人们经常用两种语言跟孩子交谈，那么孩子会很容易地同时习得两种语言。

35． Is it important for children of immigrants to learn their native language? Why or why not?

正确答案：Yes，it is．Because learning their native language gives children a sense of identity and belonging．

解析：事实细节题。第六段倒数第三句指出，不会说家族语言可能会让孩子感觉自己被排除在家庭之外，而会说家族语言给了孩子一种认同感和归属感。

36． Why does the author believe that bilingualism in the U. S. will not threaten the English language?

正确答案：First，English has a firmly established position in American and in countries throughout the world．Second，the descendants of immigrants will end up being native English speakers．

解析：事实细节题。第七段第一句指出一些人的担心：在美国双语会威胁到英语。随后作者发表了不同看法：英语在美国的地位不会受到威胁。本段下文及第八段做出了解释：首先，英语在美国和世界其他国家中的地位是根深蒂固的。其次，美国的第一代移民虽然不会说英语，但是他们的孙子和曾孙将会成为以英语为母语的人，也就是说英语在移民中仍然能够得到传承。

Writing

37． It is said that “There is no remedy for love but to love more.” Do you agree with this opinion? Write an essay of about 500 words to state your view. In the first part of your writing you should present your thesis statement, and in the second part you should support the thesis statement with details including any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience. In the last part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or a summary. You should supply an appropriate title for your essay. Marks will be awarded for content, organization, language and appropriacy. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.

正确答案： Love more Someone always think that his life is full of sadness and despair and others believe that they get hurt from friends, beloved ones and relatives. They consider their lives without love and don’t believe in love. What should we do when we are at sea? It is said that “there is no remedy for love but love more”. From my point of view, it’s the best way to resolve the problem. To start with, love itself is the best remedy to cure the traumas. More or less, each of us has wounds. When we were children, we stumbled and were hard to avoid fall and injure ourselves. Or we carelessly cut our fingers when cooking. These physical wounds will be gradually healed by medical treatment. However, spiritual or emotional wounds cannot be healed by medicine. During the Wenchuan earthquake in 2008, huge amounts of people lost their lives, children lost their parents, and thousands of families broke. The grief of losing relatives and suffering beat them and made their heart sink into helplessness and hopelessness. But love from people far and near cured their traumas. Millions of volunteers arrived at the earthquake-stricken areas, with tons of daily articles — water, food, clothes and blankets. They helped search and rescue and gave warmth for bereaved children. The volunteers’ love made the stricken people feel the warm and true love. Thus they gained the power of living, and got enough courage to build their new lives. What’s more, love implies tolerance and understanding. It can make our society become much better. Life as we all know is full of challenges. More or less, we may experience frustration and sufferings. When we were in school, we might fail to pass the examination. When we grow up, we might be hurt by our best friends or relatives. We might get angry and disappointed, and even feel betrayed. We don’t believe that there is still true love and don’t believe in love. However, it is absolutely not the best way. The best way is to love more. Love teaches us tolerance and understanding. Whoever hurt us and whatever troubles and failures we had, we shouldn’t indulge in the past and hold a grudge, but should forgive and love everything more. Love delivers positive energy to our world. It reflects the truth and the beautiful of our world. Love can warm our hearts and help despaired people out of troubles. Meanwhile, love makes us get along well with others. In a few word, we can live in a harmonious society with love and make our world a better place.