雅思写作话题分类词汇教育与学业考试频率：★★★★★Educationandstudy教育与学业1、Teachingmethods教学方法7、Generationgap代沟2、Educationalfacilities教育设施8、Adolescents’/Teenagers’problems青少年问题3、Academicsubjects学校科目9、Studyingabroad留学话题4、Computerandlearning(teaching)电脑与学习（教学）10、Takingapart-timejob兼职工作5、Personaldevelopment个人发展11、Parents’/Teachers’responsibilities父母/教师责任6、Physicalandmentalgrowth身心成长12、Functions/tuitionofuniversity大学功能/学费真题重现Inschoolsanduniversities,somegirlstendtochooseartssubjects,whileboyschoosetostudysciencesubjects.Whatarethereasons?Doyouthinkthistrendshouldbechanged?Somepeoplethinkthatthemainpurposeofschoolistoturnchildrenasagoodcitizensandworkers,rathertobenefitthemasindividuals.Towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagree?分类词汇加油站1.scopeofknowledge知识面2.lightentheburdenof减轻了…的负担3.comprehensiveknowledge广博的知识4.long-distanceeducation远程教育5.enrichtheteachingmethod丰富教育手段6.teaching\\pedagogicalmethodology教学方法7.schooling学校教育parenting、upbringing家庭教育8.impart\\inculcateknowledge传授知识9.multi-mediateaching多媒体教学10.vocationaleducation职业教育11.down-to-earth,practical切合实际的12.enlightening予以人启迪的13.perplexing令人困惑的14.theculturaldiversity文化的多元性15.insightful富有洞察力的,有深刻见解的16.undertakethedueobligations承担责任17.exam-orientededucation应试教育18.developourcreativemind培养我们创造性思维19.widenone’sknowledge拓展知识面20.realizethevalueoflife实现生命价值21.graspgoodcommunicationskills掌握良好交流技能responsibility培养了强烈的责任感22.cultivateastrongsenseof23.cultivatelogicalthinking培养逻辑思维24.rotelearning、learnthingsbyrote死记硬背25.cultivate，foster，nurture培养26.promotethestudent’sphysical,mental\\intellectualandemotionaldevelopment促进学生身心发展27.psychologicalsoundness\\well-being心理健康28.aptitude，talent学习能力（先天）29.ability，skill学习能力（后天）30.tapone’spotential挖掘某人的潜能31.goastray误入歧途;indiscipline、misbehavior、mischief不遵守纪律;disruptivestudents、unrulystudents违反纪律的学生;commitcrimes犯罪32.theoreticalknowledge理论知识;practicalknowledge实践知识33.universityeducation大学教育;vocationaleducation职业教育;primary-leveleducation小学教育;secondary-leveleducation中学教育34youngsters、adolescents青少年35.developlinguisticskills培养语言技能36.comprehensiveknowledge全面的知识37.face-to-facecommunication面对面交流38.stimulateone’sinterest激发了…的兴趣39.increaseefficiency提高效率40.enrichtheteachingandlearningmethods丰富了教学手段41.befullyawareof…充分意识到…科学与技术考试频率：★★★★★ScienceandTechnology科学与技术1、Technological科技产品7、Medicaladvancement医学进步2、Informationtechnology信息与技术8、TechnologyVS.arts科技与艺术3、Discoveriesandinventions发现与创造9、Animalexperiments动物实验4、ScienceVS.culture科学与文化10、Spaceresearch太空研究5、High-techentertainment高科技娱乐11、Extendinghumanlife延长寿命6、Producingcontaminants/resources制造污染/资源12、Geneticallymodifiedfood转基因食品真题重现Withcomputertechnologybecomingcheaperandmoreaccessible,moreadultsworkfromhomeandmorechildrenstudyfromhome.Doyouthinkitisapositiveornegativedevelopment?Intoday'sworldofadvancedscienceandtechnology,westillgreatlyvalueourartistssuchasmusicians,paintersandwriters.Whatcanartstellusaboutlifethatscienceandtechnologycannot?分类词汇加油站1.exertafar-reachingimpacton产生一种深远的影响2.cutting-edgetechnology尖端科技3informationexplosion\\overload信息爆炸4depletionofresources能源消耗5.sophisticatedequipment尖端设备6.technicalinnovation科技创新7.enhance\\augment\\boosttheefficiency提高效率8.theproliferationofInternet互联网的广泛使用9.technologicalinnovations科技创新及发展10.labor-saving省力的labor-replacing代替人力的11.biotechnology生物技术12.afatalbreakdown致命故障13.potentialhazards潜在危险14.poseathreatto…对…有一种威胁15.promoterelativeindustries促进相关产业发展16.accelerate加速…17.transportationtools交通工具18.environmentally-friendlyresources环保的能源19alternativefuel可替代燃料20.sustainabledevelopment可持续性发展21.scientificexploration科学探索22.substitute取代23.overcomedifficulties克服困难24.unprecedented前所未有的25.seedramaticbreakthroughs取得突破性进展26.aggravate使恶化27.levythetax征税28.beviewedas…被视为是…29.beconcernedabout…对…担忧/关注…30.pollution-freefuel无污染燃料31.luxury奢侈品32.chronicleadpoisoning慢性铅中毒33.laymoreemphasison…把重心放在…34.settledowneffectivelaws制定出积极有效的法律35.Imposerestrictionson…对…实施限制36.short-sighted目光短浅的37.non-renewableresources不可再生资源38.telecommunications远程通信39.apillarindustry支柱产业40.makefulluseof…充分利用41.speedlimits限速42.enhancethequalityoflife提高生活质量43.payaheavyprice付出惨痛的代价44.callfor…需要…45.overcrowded过度拥挤的46.headache令人头痛的事47.trafficaccidents交通事故48.head-way进展49.conflictwith…与…相冲突50.majorcause主要原因传媒与网络考试频率：★★★★MediaandtheInternet传媒与网络1、TVandlearning电视与学习7、Internetshopping网络购物2、Computergames电脑游戏8、Computerilliteracy电脑文盲3、Onlinecommunication网络交际9、Mediaandconsumption传媒与消费4、ComputersVS.teachers电脑与老师10、Childrenandadvertising儿童与广告5、Natureofjournalism新闻本质11、GlobalVS.local全球与本地6、Mediaandcrime传媒与犯罪12、Virtualityandisolation虚拟与孤独真题重现Wearesurroundedbyallkindsofadvertising,whichsignificantlyinfluenceourlives.Dothepositiveeffectsofadvertisingoutweighitsnegativeeffects?Somethinkthatcomputergamesaredangerousforchildrenineveryway;othersthinkthatcomputergameshelpchildren’sdevelopment.Discussbothviewsandgiveyouropinion分类词汇加油站1.paparazzi狗仔队27.sitcom情景喜剧2.massmedia大众媒体28.soapopera肥皂剧3.entertainment娱乐29.affair绯闻4.journalism新闻业30.celebrity名人5.thelatestnews最新消息31.risetofame声名鹊起6.exclusivenews独家新闻32.invadeone'sprivacy侵扰了…的隐私7.endangersocialstabilityandsafety危害社会稳33.misleading误导性的定和安全34.cheating欺骗性的8.newsagency新闻社35.popularity知名度9.newsblock-out新闻封锁36.scandal丑闻10.newscensorship新闻审查37.sensational轰动的11.freedomofthepress新闻自由38.prevalent普遍的、流行的12.coverage新闻报道39.imperative重要的、必要的13.doreportageon…报导…40.audienceratings收视率14.hittheheadlines上头条41.propaganda宣传15.issue出版、发行42.beabductedby受…诱导16.newsstand报摊43.purifyone'ssoul净化心灵17.free-lancerwriter自由撰稿人44.liveinvirtualwould生活在一个虚拟世界中18.chiefeditor总编45.beagreatcomforttosomebody对…来说是19.editorial社论一个巨大安慰20.newsworthy值得报道的46.meetdifferenttastes满足不同口味21.barometer晴雨表47.followthefashionblindly盲目追逐时尚22.thebarometerofpublicopinion舆论晴雨表48.beinconceivabletosomebody对来说是难以23.livebroadcast直播想象的24.quizshow智力竞争节目49.impressive给人印象深刻的25.righttoknow知情权50.inthedisguiseof…打着…的幌子26.varietyshow综合节目国家与政府考试频率：★★★★Nationandgovernment国家与政府1、Government’sresponsibility政府职责7、Fundingarts资助艺术2、Educationalpolicy教育政策8、Healthcaresystem医疗福利体系3、Assistingpoorcountries帮助贫困国家9、Housingshortage住房问题4、Measuringacountry’ssuccess成功国家标准10、Legalsystem司法体系5、Financially-aidingsports体育投资11、Spaceresearch太空研究6、Developingpublictransport发展公共交通12、Militarydefense军事防御真题重现Somepeoplethinkthatgovernmentshouldonlyspendmoneyontheconstructionofpublicservicesratherthanwasteontheartssuchasmusicandpainting.Towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagree?Thenumberofpeoplewhowatchforeignfilmsismuchmorethanpeoplewhowatchlocalfilms,describthereasonsandshouldthegovernmentprovidefinancialsupporttothelocalfilmindustries分类词汇加油站1.unemployment；joblessness失业2.infrastructure基础设施3.socialsecurity社会保障4.medicalcaresystem医疗保健5.publictransportation公共交通6.publicservice公共服务7.essentialsectors关键行业8.non-essentialsectors非紧要行业9.privatesector私人企业10.generalinterest公众利益11.welfare福利12.financialassistance经济援助13.shakeoff\\getridofpoverty摆脱贫穷14.authorities当局15.citizens;thecitizenry老百姓16.regulate;administe;oversee规范，管理17.implement实施18.legislate;makelaws立法19.strictlyprohibit;banaltogether严禁20.stringentlaws/legislation严格的法律21.scrutiny(n.);scrutinize(v.)monitor(v.)监督22.allocatemoneytosth;beapatronof;investin;fund;dedicatemoneytosth.为……拨款23.budget(n.)预算24.taxrevenue税收25.thegovernmentspending/expenditureonsth.政府开支26.curtail削减27.augment增加28.giveprioritytosth.把当作当务之急29.responsibility;obligation责任30.armsrace军备竞赛31.self-defense自卫32.nationalsecurity;homelandsecurity国土安全33.short-sightedpolicy缺乏远见的政策34.expansion(n.)aggression(n.)扩张35.seek\\pursuehegemony谋求霸权36.aviciouscircle恶性循环37.destabilizingfactors地区不稳定因素38.rulesandregulations规章制度39.spacerace太空竞赛40.arms(n.)weapons(n.)armaments(n.)武器41.laid-offworkers;downsizedworkers下岗工人42.powergrid电网43.democratic民主的democracy民主44.民主与开明的政府ademocraticandprogressivegovernment生活与城市考试频率：★★★Lifeandcity生活与城市1、Life-alteringinventions发明改变生活7、Keepingpetsincities城市养宠物2、Policeandguns警察佩戴枪支8、Lifestyledecisions生活方式3、Relocationofenterprises企业搬迁9、MoneyVS.happiness金钱与幸福4、Housingproblems住房问题10、TeenagersVS.adults青少年与成年人5、Protectingpeople’sprivacy保护隐私11、Fast-pacedmodernlife现代快节奏生活6、Popularityoffastfoods快餐现象12、Cityplan城市布局真题重现Somepeoplethinkthatapoliceforcecarryinggunscaneducatehigherlevelofvolience.towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagree？Inmanycities,plannershaveseparatedschools,homes,shops,officesinspecificareaswhichwerewidelyseparatedfromeachother.Doyouthinkadvantagesofthispolicyoverweighdisadvantagestothecityresidents?分类词汇加油站1.urbanization城市化2.centralization集中化3.imbalance不平衡5.infrastructure基础设施6.booming繁荣发展的4.inthelongrun从长远角度而言7.tertiaryindustry第三产业9.revenue税收10.commercialization商业化11.trafficcongestion交通拥挤12.waterscarcity水短缺13.theenvironmentalpollution环境污染14.over-industrialization15.over-crowdedness过度拥挤16.unemployment失业过度工业化17.wealthdistribution财富分配18.socialinstability社会动荡19.urbanconstruction城市建设20.populationexplosion人口激增21.arisingcrimerate犯罪率上升22.drainofenergyandresources能源和资源消耗23.offermorejobopportunities提供更多的就业机会24.arapidpaceoflife快节奏生活25.stress-relatedillnesses与压力有关的疾病26.highcostofliving高额生活费用27.pastorallife田园生活28.classpolarization阶级两极分化29.socialwelfare社会福利30.givespecialcareto…给予…特殊关照31.urbansprawl城市扩张32.convenienttransportationmeans便捷的交通工具33.bettermedicalservices更好的医疗服务34.pressureofmodernlifeincity城市生活压力35.bevulnerableto…易于患上…36.meltingpot熔炉37.onthebrinkof…处于…边缘38.pollutant污染性物质39.wastedisposal废物处理40.puttheblameon…归咎于…41.beattributableto…归因为…42.waysofconsumption消费方式43.sufferheavylosses遭受重大损失44.citizen居民45.beconfrontedwith…面临着…46.breedcrimes滋生犯罪47.viciouscycle恶性循环48.afeasiblemeasure一种可行的措施49.givepriorityto…优先考虑…50.cityplanners城市规划工作与职业考试频率：★★★Careerandoccupation工作与职业1、Interpersonalskills人际交流技能7、Changingjobs/careers跳槽与工作改变2、Stressmanagement减压8、Part-timepositions兼职工作3、Saftyandhealthhazards安全及健康危害9、Graduateunemployment毕业生失业4、Telecommuting远程办公10、Workvs.family工作与家庭5、Womenatworkplace女性参加工作11、Qualificationvs.experience资历与经验6、Jobsatisfaction工作的满意度12、Workinginruralareas去乡村工作真题重现Somepeoplethinkthatpeopleworkingathomecanbenefittheemployeesalot,nottheemployers.Towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagree？Nowadays,manypeoplechangetheirjobsfrequently,somebelieveitisgoodfortheirdevelopmentwhileothersholddifferentopinions.Whatisyouropinion?分类词汇加油站1.thetempo\\paceoflifehasincreased生活节奏加速2.socialsettings社会环境3.religiousbelief宗教信仰4.educationallevel教育程度5.asenseofbelonging归属感6.sedentarylifestyle缺少运动的生活方式7.liveahigh-pressuredandfast-pacedlifestyle高压力和快节奏的生活方式8.nurtureagoodstateofmind养成良好的心态9.blockoutworries争取减少忧虑10.balanceworkandfamily平衡工作和生活11.ameansofself-expression自我表达的一种方式12.followblindly盲目追求13.rootindailylife源于生活14.overnourishment营养过剩15.createalienationbetweenpeople人与人之间疏远16.money-worshiping、mercenary、materialistic过于功利的17.pursuemaximumprofit追求最大限度利润18.povertyalleviation扶贫19.jobopportunity、employmentopportunity就业机会20.promotionopportunity提升机会21.switchingjobs、job-hopping换工作\\跳槽22.acquireawidearrayofskills发展多种技能23.lackofself-motivation缺乏动力24.directionless\\aimless没有目标25.egoism利己主义\\altruism利他主义26.soothethesoul平缓情绪27.utilisedasaformofpropaganda用做一种宣传手段28.enrichculturallife丰富文化生活29.enhancethequalityoflife提高生活质量30.conformtheexistingrules墨守成规31.satisfiedwithmaterialcomforts满足于物质32.spiritualneeds精神享受33.achieveabalancebetweenworkandpleasure劳逸结合34.time-consciouspeople时间观念很强的人35.impoverished、destitute、indigent贫穷的36.affluent、wealthy、well-off富裕的37.urban城市的rural乡村的38.urbanization城市化39.thedisparitybetweenthecityandthecountryside城乡差距40.relocate搬迁41.telecommute在家上班42.leisure、recreation、entertainment休闲、娱乐43.laissez-fairemanagement宽松的管理44.operatingcosts、overheadcosts运营成本45.laborpool劳动力资源46.depression抑郁症/insomnia失眠症47.populationexplosion人口爆炸48.genderequality两性平等49.genderdiscrimination、sexism性别歧视50.childbearing生育孩子/childrearing抚养孩子51.elderlypeople、seniorcitizens老年人52.familybonds\ies家庭成员间的情感纽带语言与文化考试频率：★★Languageandculture语言与文化1、Languageandage语言与年龄7、Tourismandculture旅游与文化2、Learningaforeignlanguage学习外语8、Pressinglocalculture保护本地文化3、Internationallanguage国际语言9、Traditionalarchitecture传统建筑4、DominanceofEnglish英语的主导地位10、Culturalfacilities文化设施5、Assistingartists资助艺术11、Culturevsbusiness文化与贸易6、Culturalgap文化差距12、Workingoverseas海外工作真题重现Somepeoplethinkthatinternationaltourismhasbroughtgreatbenefittotheworld’seconomy,someothersholdthatitruinthecultureandtheecosystem.Discussbothandgiveyouropinion.Insomecities,theoldbuildingsarereplacedbymanymodernbuildings.Somepeoplethinkitbringsmoredisadvantages.Doyouagreeordisagree?分类词汇加油站1.touristattractions、touristspots、placesofinterest旅游景点2.maitain、protect、preserve(v.)保护3.forefathers、ancestors祖先4.descendants后代5.ethnicminorities少数民族6.theharmonybetweenethnicgroups/races民族团结7.culturaldiversity文化融合8.interaction互相影响9.culturaldiversity文化多元性10.insular/provincial/parochialmentality狭隘的观念11.deprecate/denigrate/minimizetheimportanceof贬低12.pushback/expandone’svision/horizons开阔眼界13.promoteculturalcommunication促进文化交流14.draw/attract/appealto/beamagnetforsb.吸引15.first-handexperience亲身体验second-handexperience/vicariousexperience间接体验16.multi-sensory多种感官体验的17.conflict冲突18.discord/dissension争端19.isolatethetouristfromthelocals把游客和当地人隔离20.commercialize商业化21.culturalheritage文化遗产22.theInternetwillnotrendertourismobsoletes互联网不会让旅游业过时环境与生态考试频率：★★★★Environmentandecology环境与生态1、Environmentalpollution环境污染7、Awarenessraising环保意识提高2、Ecotourism生态旅游8、Transportandenvironment交通与环境3、Curbingcar-using限制汽车使用9、Internationalcooperation国际合作（环境）4、Endangeredspecies濒临灭绝物种10、Sustainabledevelopment可持续发展5、Throw-awaysociety浪费型社会11、Agricultureandecology农业与生态6、Environmentalimprovement环境改善12、Biodiversity生物多样性真题重现Manypeopleholdthatonlyinternationalcooperationcansolvetheenvironmentalproblems,singlepersonorcountrycannotdealwithsuchbigproblem.Towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagree?Somepeoplethinkitisnotnecessarytoinvestmoneyonprotectingthewildanimals.Doyouagreeordisagree?分类词汇加油站1.ecosystem\\ecologicalsystem生态系统2.cologicalbalance\\equilibrium生态平衡3.sustainabledevelopment可持续发展4.biodiversity生物的多样性5.environmentalists\\conservationists环保主义者animalrightactivists动物权益保护主义者6.environmentally-friendly（adj.）对环境无害的7.conservation节约8.recycle\\reuse(v.)再利用10.benefitfrom从中受益11.enhance\\elevate\\raisethepublicawarenessof…增强公众的……意识12.putforwardvaluablesuggestions提出宝贵建议13.shortage\\scarcity\\dearth\\lack（n.）短缺14.participateinthereconstructionofthecity参与城市重建15.raisetheenvironmentalmanagementlevel提高环境管理水平16.createapleasantecologicalenvironment创造出一种和谐的生态环境17.givepriorityto优先关注18.catchmuchattention引起很大关注19.deforestation(n.)砍伐森林20.greenhouseeffect、globalwarming温室效应21.dischargeeffluent\\sewage排放污水22.non-biodegradablegarbage、inorganictrash白色污染产生的垃圾/bio-degradableplasticbags可降解一次性塑料袋23.affordtheirmastersconsolationandcomfort给主人心理安慰24.infertilesoil贫瘠的土壤25.fertilesoil肥沃的土壤26.arableland、farmland耕地27.pollute\\contaminate(v.)污染28.poisonous\oxic(adj.)有毒的29.consume\\deplete(v.)消耗(某种资源)30.useup\\exhaust（v.）用尽(某种资源)31.harshmeasures\\actions严厉措施32.condemnratherthancondonesth.谴责而不是纵容33.combatdesertification防治荒漠化34.curbenvironmentalpollution;bringthepollutionundercontrol治理环境污染35.industrialsolidwastes工业固体废物36.organicpollutions有机污染物37.environment-friendlyagriculture;eco-agriculture生态农业38.waterresourceconservationzone水资源保护区39.establishnaturereserve建立自然保护区40.endangeredwildlife濒危野生动物41.medicalresearch医学研究43.vivisection活体解剖42.cruel\\merciless\\inhuman\\callous\\brutal残忍的44.ease\\alleviate\\relieveanimals’pain减轻动物的痛苦个人与社会考试频率：★★★Individualandsociety个人与社会1、Personalhealth个人健康7、Stressfullife压力生活2、Ageofmachine机器时代8、Healthcareandeducation医疗与教育3、Socialresponsibility社会责任9、Environmentalresponsibility环保责任4、Moneyandhappiness金钱与幸福10、Disastersandviolence灾难与暴力5、Savingforretirement养老储蓄11、Housingproblems住房问题6、Teamactivities团队活动12、Lawandorder法律与秩序真题重现Manypeoplearebusywithworkandhavelesstimetospendwithfamiliesandfriends.Whydoesthishappen?Whataretheeffectsofthisonfamilylifeandsocietyasawhole?Somepeoplesaythatitistheresponsibilityofindividualstosavemoneyfortheirowncareaftertheyretire.Doyouagreeordisagree?分类词汇加油站1.urbanization城市化2.centralization集中化3.imbalance不平衡5.infrastructure基础设施6.booming繁荣发展的4.inthelongrun从长远角度而言7.tertiaryindustry第三产业9.revenue税收10.commercialization商业化11.trafficcongestion交通拥挤12.waterscarcity水短缺13.theenvironmentalpollution环境污染14.over-industrialization过度工业化15.over-crowdedness过度拥挤16.unemployment失业17.wealthdistribution财富分配18.socialinstability社会动荡19.urbanconstruction城市建设20.populationexplosion人口激增21.arisingcrimerate犯罪率上升22.drainofenergyandresources能源和资源消耗23.offermorejobopportunities提供更多的就业机会24.arapidpaceoflife快节奏生活25.stress-relatedillnesses与压力有关的疾病26.highcostofliving高额生活费用27.pastorallife田园生活28.classpolarization阶级两极分化29.socialwelfare社会福利30.givespecialcareto…给予…特殊关照31.urbansprawl城市扩张32.convenienttransportationmeans便捷的交通工具33.bettermedicalservices更好的医疗服务34.pressureofmodernlifeincity城市生活压力35.bevulnerableto…易于患上…36.meltingpot熔炉37.onthebrinkof…处于…边缘38.pollutant污染性物质39.wastedisposal废物处理40.puttheblameon…归咎于…41.beattributableto…归因为…42.waysofconsumption消费方式43.sufferheavylosses遭受重大损失44.citizen居民45.beconfrontedwith…面临着…46.breedcrimes滋生犯罪47.viciouscycle恶性循环48.afeasiblemeasure一种可行的措施49.givepriorityto…优先考虑…50.cityplanners城市规划能源与交通考试频率：★★★EnergyandTransportation能源与交通1、Publictransportexpansion发展公共交通7、Foodexport食品出口2、Increasingprivatecars私家车增多8、Spacetravelling太空旅游3、Trafficcongestion交通拥堵9、Producingpollution制造污染4、Roadsecurity道路安全10、Cheapflight低价飞行5、Waterscarcity水源短缺11、Resourceconsumption能源消耗6、Overuseoffuel燃料过度使用12、Internationaltourism国际旅游真题重现Insomecountries,airtravelhasbecomeamuchcheaperformoftransportthaninthepast.Isthisapositiveornegativetrend?Thenumberofcarsinmanylargecitiesisincreasingsignificantlynowadays.Whataretheproblemsitmaybring?Howtosolvethisproblem?分类词汇加油站1.perfecttheconstructionofurbaninfrastructure完善城市基础设施建设2.implementstrictvehicleemissionstandards制定严格的汽车排放标准3.reducewaste减少浪费4.eliminatepovertyandbackwardness消除贫穷落后5.preventandcontrolpollution预防和控制污染6.reinforcetheconservationofwaterandsoil加强水土保护7.keepecologicalbalance维护生态平衡8.adoptenvironmentalprotectiontechnique环保技术monitoring加强监督和管理10.enhancethegovernmentalintrusion加大政府干预性措施11.promotelegislativeregulations促进立法管理12.establishandperfectthesocialsecuritysystem建立和完善社会的安全体系13.imposesomerestrictionson对…实施限制14.arousepeople’sawarenessof唤醒人们的…意识15.takesomepreventive(remedial)measures采取一些预防（补救）措施16.enforceon-the-spotpenalties采取立即惩罚性措施17.takeproperguidanceandsupport恰当引导和支持18.imposeheavierpenaltyon对…实施严格的惩罚19.setdowneffectivelaws制定积极有效的法律9.strengthentheregulationand20.urbanplanning城市规划21.breaktheecologicalbalance破坏了生态的平衡22.contaminatetheenvironment污染环境23.promotethesustainabledevelopmentofthecity促进城市的可持续性发展24.greenhouseeffect温室效应25.strengthenpollutioncontrol加强污染控制26.popularizeenvironmentalprotectionknowledge普及环保知识27.burning迫在眉睫的28.environmentaldegradation环境恶化29.atthecostofenvironment以环境污染为代价30.uncontrolledurbanization城市化失控31.motorvehicleexhaust、caremission汽车尾气排放32.exhaustpurifier尾气净化器33.urbanrefuse城市垃圾34.protect…fromoverexploitation防止过度开发35.conservationofwaterandsoil水土保持36.lead-freegasoline无铅汽油37.gas-fueledvehicles天然气汽车38.cell-drivenvehicles;batterycars电动汽车39.slowdowntherateofresourcedegradation降低资源消耗率40.developrenewableresources开发可再生资源29.renewableresources可再生资源30.non-renewableresources不可再生资源人口与经济考试频率：★★★Populationandeconomy人口与经济1、Overpopulation人口爆炸7、Feminism女权主义2、Populationageing人口老龄化8、Industriallocations工业选址3、Governmentalpension政府养老9、Globaltrade国际贸易4、Juveniledelinquency青少年犯罪10、Economicgaps经济差距5、Crimes犯罪11、Youthunemployment年轻人失业6、Agriculturaldevelopment农业发展12、Consumptionpatterns消费方式真题重现Insomecountries,governmentsareencouragingindustriesandbusinessestomoveoutoflargecitiesintoregionalareas.Doyouthinktheadvantagesofthisdevelopmentoutweighitsdisadvantages?Theproportionofolderpeopleinmanycountriesissteadilyincreasing.Doesthistrendhavemorepositiveornegativeeffectsonthesociety?分类词汇加油站1.saving储蓄2.investment投资3.expenditure支出花费4.capital资本资金资产5.currency通货通用市价7.demand需求、需求量8.supply补给、供给、供应品9.purchase购买10.inflation通货膨胀11.monetary货币的金钱的12.consume消费消耗13.distribution分配、分发、配给物14.taxation课税、征税、税收、税款、估定的税额15.externality外部因素16.trademark商标copyright版权著作权17.restrictfreedom限制自由18.invadeprivacy侵犯隐私19.depression萧条不景气20.discount折扣21.financial财政的金融的22.commitacrime犯罪23.break\\violate\\flout\\disobeythelaw触犯法律24.offence、crimes、criminalacts罪行25.criminal、offenders、culprit、perpetrator罪犯26accomplice、accessory从犯27.resentsociety、holdagrudgeagainstsociety憎恨社会28.trauma心理创伤29.prison监狱30.imprison\\incarceratesomeone监禁31.victims受害者32.bebroughttojustice被绳之以法33.reform\\rehabilitatecriminals改造罪犯34.lawenforcementagencies执法部门35.heinous\\flagitiouscrime、felony重罪36.pettycrime轻罪37.first-timeoffenders初犯者38.hardenedoffenders惯犯39.reverttocrime再次犯罪40.huntdown、capture抓捕41.abidebythelaw、complywiththelaw遵守法律42.law-abidingcitizens守法公民43.boostthesenseofsafety增强安全意识44.reinforcethepoliceforceandincreasepatrol增强警力和巡逻45.miscarrigesofjustice执法不公46.deterrenteffect震慑作用47.beingcloselymonitored受到严格监控48.fearofreprisal担心报复的心理49.alertpeopletotheriskofbeingvictimizedbycrime提高人们对于犯罪的警惕