一、高中英语阅读理解人生百味类 1．阅读理解
Recently, as the British doctor Robert Winston took a train from London to Manchester, he found himself becoming steadily angry. A woman had picked up her phone and begun a loud conversation, which would last an unbelievable hour. Furious, Winston began to tweet about the woman. He took her picture and sent it to his more than 40,000 followers.
When the train arrived at its destination, Winston rushed out. He'd had enough of the woman's rudeness. But the press were now waiting for her on the platform. And when they showed her Winston's messages, she used just one word to describe Winston's actions: rude. Winston's tale is something of a microcosm(缩影) of our age of increasing rudeness, fueled by social media. What can we do to fix this?
Studies have shown that rudeness spreads quickly, almost like the common cold. Just witnessing rudeness makes it far more likely that we, in turn, will be rude later on. The only way to avoid it is to deal with it face to face. We must say, \"Just stop.\" For Winston, that would have meant approaching the woman, telling her that her conversation was frustrating other passengers and politely asking her to speak more quietly or make the call at another time. The rage and injustice we feel at the rude behavior of a stranger can drive us to do odd things. In my own research, surveying 2,000 adults, I discovered that the acts of revenge people had taken ranged from the ridiculous to the disturbing. Winston did shine a spotlight on the woman's behavior — but from afar, in a way that shamed her.
We must instead combat rudeness head on. When we see it occur in a store, we must step up and say something. If it happens to a colleague, we must point it out. We must defend strangers in the same way we'd defend our best friends. But we can do it with grace, by handling it without a trace of aggression and without being rude ourselves. Because once rude people can see their actions through the eyes of others, they are far more likely to end that strain themselves. As this tide of rudeness rises, civilization needs civility.
（1）What can you learn about Robert Winston from the passage? A. He knows how to speak to rude people.
B. He behaved improperly and spoke loudly on the train. C. He lost his temper due to other people's rudeness. D. He reacted to a woman's rude behavior wrongly.
（2）What does \"fueled by social media\" mean in Paragraph 3? A. Rude behavior is common on social media. B. Rudeness can be avoided through social media. C. People can easily get away through social media. D. Social media may spread and cause rudeness.
（3）According to the writer, how should you respond when you meet rude people? A. Record them and post it on the Internet. B. Point it out in a polite and skillful way. C. Do nothing but wait for other people to fix it.
D. Pay them back by doing equally disturbing things.
（4）Which of the following statement is true about the last paragraph? A. We can only point out rudeness from familiar people. B. Rudeness and manners can hardly coexist in civilized society. C. Both strangers and acquaintances deserve our friendly warning. D. Rude people can't see their rudeness through others' eyes. 【答案】 （1）D （2）D （3）B （4）C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，作者通过温斯特对打电话这位粗鲁的女士曝光在媒体上的不当行为，提出了我们要用礼貌而巧妙的方式指出来生活中粗鲁的行为。 （1）考查推理判断。根据第五段中的“Winston did shine a spotlight on the woman's behavior — but from afar, in a way that shamed her. ”温斯顿确实把聚光灯对准了那个女人的行为——但从长远看，这是方式一种让她蒙羞。可推出，作者认为温斯顿的做法不正确。故选D。 （2）考查句义猜测。根据第三段中的“Winston's tale is something of a microcosm(缩影) of our age of increasing rudeness”可知作者描述这个时代越来越粗鲁；再根据第四段中的“Studies have shown that rudeness spreads quickly, almost like the common cold. ”研究表明，粗鲁行为传播迅速，就像普通感冒一样。可知作者认为粗鲁行为传播很快。因此此处fuel意为“加速”之意，故选D。
（3）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“But we can do it with grace, by handling it without a trace of aggression and without being rude ourselves. ”但我们可以优雅地做到这一点，处理它时不带一丝侵略性，自己也不粗鲁。可知，作者认为我们可以礼貌而巧妙的方式指出来粗鲁的行为和人。故选B。
（4）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“We must defend strangers in the same way we'd defend our best friends. ”我们必须保护陌生人，就像保护我们最好的朋友一样。可知选C。 【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，句义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇人生感悟类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。
2．阅读理解
We talk a lot in the U.S. about success. Success is the dream and the end point. And not by coincidence the idea that hard work leads to personal success is as American as apple pie. But the reality is that sometimes we fail. And sometimes things, through no fault of our own, don't go our way. We're faced with a life-changing diagnosis (诊断), the passing of a loved one or job loss. We don't, as a society, have as much to say here.
I think uncertainty does us all harm. We'd feel better equipped to deal with uncertainty if we talked about it more. I had so fully bought into the belief that with enough effort, I could control what happened in my life. I actually caught myself thinking I could \"work my way out\" of my cancer. As it turns out, cancer doesn't really care about one's work.
We might also make wiser decisions — this isn't just a feel-good exercise. For example, technology and medicine have progressed to the point that many patients are living longer than they would have even a decade ago. These are achievements worth celebrating. And yet I wonder if the focus on success is sometimes misguided here as well. If it is one reason why we tend to pursue expensive end-of-life treatments, they often accomplish little other than to make a patient's final days painful and frightening. The fact is that, when asked, many patients would rather focus on living meaningfully in their final days.
My hope here is to make a case for thinking about meaning, in the same way we think about pursuing success. In that spirit, I've asked several people, each of whom has met misfortune, how they find meaning in their lives. The diversity in their responses reflects the fact that there are no right or wrong answers here. We each can find meaning in different things. （1）What is the typical American idea?
A. Success is the dream. B. Success lies in hard work. C. Apple pie is the best food. D. Failure is always avoidable. （2）What does the underlined word \"it\" in Paragraph 3 probably refer to? A. Equipment. B. Culture. C. Uncertainty. D. Belief. （3）In their final days many patients actually want to______. A. live as long as possible B. live a more meaningful life C. make great progress in medicine D. get expensive end-of-life treatments （4）What can we learn from the last paragraph? A. The author thinks pursuing success is wrong. B. We can benefit from some unlucky things. C. We can find the same meaning in our life. D. Personally there are different meanings in life. 【答案】 （1）B （2）C （3）B （4）D
【解析】【分析】短文大意：在美国人们经常谈论成功。成功是梦想，是终点。美国人认为努力工作就能获得个人成功每个人都能在不同的事物中找到意义。
（1）细节理解题。根据第一段中的And not by coincidence the idea that hard work leads to personal success is as American as apple pie.可知美国人认为努力工作就能获得个人成功。故选B。
（2）推理判断题。根据第三段中的We'd feel better equipped to deal with uncertainty if we talked about it more. 可知我们会感觉更好地准备好应对不确定性，如果我们更多地谈论它。可推断，it指代的是不确定性。故选C。
（3）细节理解题。根据第四段中的The fact is that, when asked, many patients would rather focus on living meaningfully in their final days.可知，在生命的最后几天，许多病人实际上更专注于有意义的生活，故选B。
（4）推理判断题。根据最后一段The diversity in their responses reflects the fact that there
are no right or wrong answers here. We each can find meaning in different things.可知，关于人生意义的回答，没有对或错的答案，每个人都能在不同的事物中找到意义，故选D。 【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节理解题和推理判断题。细节理解题要注意从文中寻找答案；推理判断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息。
3．阅读短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
I stopped to watch my little girl busy playing in her room. In one hand was a plastic phone; in the other a toy. I listened as she was speaking to her make-believe little friend and I'll never forget the words she said, even though it was imagined.
She said, \"Suzie's in the corner because she's not been very good. She didn't listen to a word I said or do the things she should.\" In the corner I saw her baby doll well dressed. It was obvious that she'd been put there to sit alone and think.
My daughter continued her \"conversation\and I just don't know what to do with her any more. She cries whenever I have to work and wants to play games too. She tries to help me with the dishes, but her arms just cannot reach... And she doesn't know how to fold towels. I don't have the time to teach. I have a lot of work to do and a big house to keep clean. I don't have the time to sit and play - don't you know what I mean?\" And that day I thought a lot about making some changes in my life, after listening to her innocent words cut me like a knife. I hadn't been paying enough attention to what I hold most dear. I'd been caught up in responsibilities that increased throughout the years.
But now my attitude has changed because in my heart I realize that I've seen the world in a different light through my little darling's eyes. So let the cobwebs (蜘蛛网) cut the corners and the dust bunny rabbit rule the floor. I'm not going to worry about keeping up with them any more. I'm going to fill the house with memories of a child and her mother, for we have only one childhood and we will never get another. （1）Who is Suzie?
A. The girl's phone. B. The girl's friend. C. The author. D. A baby doll. （2）How did the author feel when hearing her little girl's words?
A. Interested B. Uncomfortable C. Moved D. Unbelievable （3）The passage leads us to believe that ________. A. the little girl doesn't hate her mother any more. B. the author has become lazy because of her daughter. C. the author cares nothing about her daughter's happiness. D. the author wants her little girl to have a happy childhood. （4）What might be the best title? A. Only one childhood B. My lovely daughter C. How to deal with my daughter D. A world of children 【答案】 （1）D （2）B
（3）D （4）A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，作者通过和女儿相处的一件小事，有感而发，觉得童年只有一个，从而要让女儿过一个快乐的童年。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Suzie's in the corner because she's not been very good.”以及“I saw her baby doll well dressed. ”Suzie在角落里以及“我”看见她的洋娃娃穿得很好，可推知Suzie是作者女儿的布娃娃。故选D。
（2）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“And that day I thought a lot about making some changes in my life, after listening to her innocent words cut me like a knife.”“我”在听了她那些天真的话语后，就像被一把刀割了一样。可推知，作者听到女儿的话语觉得“不适”，故选B。
（3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“I'm going to fill the house with memories of a child and her mother, for we have only one childhood and we will never get another.”可知作者想让她的女儿有一个快乐的童年，故选D。
（4）考查主旨大意。作者通过和女儿相处的一件小事，有感而发，觉得童年只有一个，从而要让女儿过一个快乐的童年，故选A。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇人生感悟类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
4．阅读理解
\"Old wives tales\" are beliefs passed down from one generation to another. For example, most of us remember our parents' telling us to eat more of certain foods of not to do certain things. Is there any truth in these teachings? Some of them agree with present medical thinking, but others have not passed the test of time.
Did your mother ever tell you to eat your carrots because they are good for your eyes? Scientists now report that eating carrots can help prevent a serious eye disease called macular degeneration. Eating just one carrot a day can reduce the possibility of getting this disease by 40%. Garlic(蒜）is good for you ,too. It can kill the type of virus that causes colds.
Unfortunately, not all of Mom's advice passed the test of medical studies. For example, generations of children have been told not to go swimming within an hour after eating. But research suggests that there is no danger in doing so. Do sweets cause tooth problems? Well, yes and no. Sticky sweets made with grains tend to cause more problems than sweets made with simple sugars.
Even though science can tell us that some of our traditional beliefs don't hold water, there is still a lot of truth in the old wives' tales. After much of this knowledge has been accumulated (积累) from thousands of years of experience in family health care. We should respect this body of knowledge even as we search for clear scientific support to prove it true or false. （1）Which of the following is TRUE according to the text?
A. Eating garlic is good for our eyes. B. Carrots prevent people from catching colds.
C. Swimming after a meal is dangerous. D. Sticky sweets tend to damage our teeth. （2）According to the passage, what does the underlined phrase \"hold water\" mean? A. To be believable. B. To be valuable. C. To be admirable. D. To be suitable. （3）Why do we need to respect the body of knowledge in the old wives' tales? A. Because it is told by our ancestors. B. Because it is scientifically supported. C. Because it is based on many years' experience. D. Because it is related to family health care.
（4）What is the author's attitude toward \"old wives' tales\" in the text?
A. Subjective B. Objective C. Dissatisfied D. Curious 【答案】 （1）D （2）A （3）C （4）B
【解析】【分析】中国有句俗话：不听老人言，吃亏在眼前。本文客观评价了保持身体健康的\" 老人言\"的正确性。
（1）细节理解题。由第三自然段的最后一句\" Sticky sweets made with grains tend to cause more problems than sweets made with simple sugars.\" 用谷物制成的粘性糖果比用单糖制成的糖果容易引起更多的问题。故选D。
（2）词义猜测题。文章中本句意思是：即使科学能告诉我们那些\" 老人言\"是（能容水的）值得相信的，但\" 老人言\"中还有很多正确的东西，hold water在此处意思是：能装水的；值得相信的，站得住脚的。故选A。
（3）细节理解题。根据最后一段\" there is still a lot of truth in the old wives' tales. After much of this knowledge has been accumulated （积累)from thousands of years of experience in family health care.\" \" 老人言\"仍然有许多真理，这些知识是从几千年的家庭保健经验中积累起来的。它是基于多年的经验。故选C。
（4）推理判断题。根据文章第三、四自然段可知作者分析了他的可信性和不可信性，作者对于\" 老人言\"持客观态度，故选B。
【点评】考查阅读理解。通读全文，把握文意；熟读第一段，了解主题句；分清段落结构，把握各段段意；了解题干，在原文依次找依据。
5．阅读理解
When I was a boy, my parents and I traveled from New York City to the Pennsylvania countryside for a weeklong taste of rural life. We stayed in a guesthouse on a farm, joining the daily routines and eating meals with the farmer and his family. We got up early to see the cows as they were milked. I even tried my hand at milking one, and then joined the farmer as he released the cows into the field afterward.
Decades later I still have vivid memories of that trip which made me realize the value of a vacation, of seeing new things, meeting new people and sharing memorable experiences with family members. To this day, I still consider that family trip when I plan to take time off with my
wife and kids. Vacations are a time for resting and connecting. As a bank manager, I spend much of my workday encouraging my customers to save their money. One of the reasons I give is that we should all have enough for a family vacation every year. In our busy lives, family is what we should be saving our money and time for.
For my family, our vacation starts when we begin planning the trip. We talk about destinations and our budget (预算) ahead of time. Among the things we discuss: Can we save money by renting a house instead of spending six nights in a hotel? Would it be better to buy groceries and cook for ourselves rather than eat out every night? Involving (使参与) the kids in planning the vacation makes sure that they have a great vacation too. I prefer to visit historical sites and museums while they love to fish and swim. So I build in some relaxation time for us all so that the vacation can work for everyone.
Each year, setting aside vacation time to spend together is especially important to us. A relaxing environment opens the doors to all kinds of conversations—deep, silly or meaningful. There's no pleasure from the usual everyday tasks. What matters is that everyone is having a great time. （1）Why did the author and his parents go to the countryside when he was young? A.To milk the cow.
B.To meet the farmer and his family. C.To experience country life. D.To enjoy the scenery.
（2）Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage? A.The author encouraged his customers to save their money for family vacation. B.The author met new people and new things during the trip.
C.The trip helped the author understand the meaning of vacations better. D.The author involved his kids in planning the vacation to cut their budget. （3）What is this passage mainly about? A.The author had a good time in the countryside.
B.The author advised others to spend vacations with their families. C.The author tried to enjoy the holidays with his family.
D.The author realized the value of family vacations and put it into practice. 【答案】 （1）C （2）D （3）D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，作者由小时候的一次和父母去农村体验生活意识到度假的价值——认识新事物，结识新朋友，与家人分享难忘的经历。这让作者在后来给自己的家庭计划假期的时候，也让家人们参与其中，这样确保每个人都有一个美好的假期。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“When I was a boy, my parents and I traveled from New York City to the Pennsylvania countryside for a weeklong taste of rural life.”当我还是个男孩的时候，我的父母和我从纽约到宾夕法尼亚的乡村旅行了一周，体验乡村生活。可知，作者小时候和他的父母去农村是为了体验乡村生活。故选C。
（2）考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的“Involving the kids in planning the vacation makes
sure that they have a great vacation too.”让孩子们参与计划假期，确保他们也有一个美好的假期。可知，作者让孩子参与假期计划是为了确保孩子有一个美好的假期，并不是为了节省预算。故D选项错误。选D。
（3）考查主旨大意。根据第二段中的“Decades later I still have vivid memories of that trip which made me realize the value of a vacation, of seeing new things, meeting new people and sharing memorable experiences with family members.”几十年后，我仍然对那次旅行记忆犹新，那次旅行让我意识到度假的价值，认识新事物，结识新朋友，与家人分享难忘的经历。以及下文中作者将那次对家庭度假的价值的认知，付诸实践到自己的家庭生活中。故D选项“作者认识到家庭度假的价值，并将其付诸实践。”最符合文章中心。故选D。 【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和主旨大意两个题型的考查，是一篇人生感悟类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
6．阅读理解
When I was a boy there were no smart phones. Computers were something you saw on STAR TREK(星际航行), and our television only got one channel clearly. Still, I was never bored. The fields, hills, and woodlands around my house were the nature ready-made playgrounds. I can remember once hiking to a nearby lake and slowly walking around it. At the backside of it I was amazed to find an old, one-lane, dirt road that I had never seen before. I immediately set out to travel it. It was full of holes and muddy tracks and deep woods bordered it on both sides, but exploring it still seemed like a fine adventure.
I walked on and on for what seemed like hours. I was sure my guardian angel was whispering in my ear to turn around and head back home but I was stubborn and even a bit stupid, so I walked on.
The dirt road give way to a rock one and then a paved one, yet there was still neither a car nor a house in sight. My legs were getting tired. I noticed that the sun was starting to go down and I grew scared. I didn't want to end up trapped on this road in the dark of night, but I was sure it would be dark before I could make my way back to the lake again.
I was almost in tears when I turned one last curve(弯曲处) and saw something in the distance. It was a house that I recognized. My heart leapt up! I jumped up and down and laughed out loud. I knew the way home! It was still over a mile away but my legs felt like feathers and I hurried back to my house in no time. I walked in with a big smile on my face just in time for dinner.
I remembered this recently when I saw a sign that said, “All roads lead Home.” This is true. In this life all roads no matter what their twists(弯曲) and turns are can lead us home again. They can lead us to our homes here on Earth. They can lead us to our homes in our heart, if we can insist.
（1）Why was the author never bored when he was a boy? A.Because there was still a TV. B.Because he liked hiking alone.
C.Because there were so many playgrounds built for him. D.Because he had so many places around his house to play. （2）What made the author decide to take the old road?
A.Seeing it before. B.That it was a muddy road. C.Trying a new and special experience. D.That it had deep woods on both sides.
（3）How did the author feel when he saw a known house in the distance? A.Excited. B.Frightened. C.Touched. D.Desperate.
（4）Why did the author mention the sign? A.To share a famous saying with readers. B.To introduce what he wanted to say. C.To explain the function of the sign. D.To prove the significance of the sign. 【答案】 （1）D （2）C （3）A （4）B
【解析】【分析】这是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。文章通过自己的亲身经历，说明了所有的路，最终都是回家的路。
（1）细节理解题。答案定位在第一段Still, I was never bored. The fields, hills, and woodlands around my house were the nature ready-made playgrounds.可知作者小时候从不觉得无聊是因为他的房子周围有很多地方可以玩，故选D。
（2）推理判断题。答案定位在第二段It was full of holes and muddy tracks and deep woods bordered it on both sides, but exploring it still seemed like a fine adventure.（它到处都是洞和泥泞的小路，两边都是茂密的树林，但探索它仍然像是一场美妙的冒险。）由此可见尝试一种新的和特殊的体验使作者决定走这条老路，故选C。
（3）推理判断题。答案定位在倒数第二段It was a house that I recognized. My heart leapt up! I jumped up and down and laughed out loud.（那是一所我认得的房子。我的心跳了起来!我跳上跳下，放声大笑。）由此推断出作者看到远处有一所熟悉的房子时感觉非常激动，故选A。
（4）推理判断题。最后一段I remembered this recently when I saw a sign that said, “All roads lead Home.” This is true. In this life all roads no matter what their twists(弯曲) and turns are can lead us home again. They can lead us to our homes here on Earth. They can lead us to our homes in our heart, if we can insist.（我记得最近见过的一则标语是这样说的：“所有的路都是回家的路。”此言不虚，这辈子所有的路不管怎样迂回曲折，最终都会引导着我们回家，有的是回到这里，回到我们物质层面的家，有的是回到我们心灵的家园。）由此推断出作者提到这则标语是为了介绍他想说的话，故选B。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查， 是一篇夹叙夹议的文章，阅读时在首段可以确定文章的主题句，答题时通过题干中的关键词在文章中定位，然后分析
相关信息，从而确定与题干相符的选项。
7．阅读理解
I had an experience some years ago, which taught me something about the ways in which people make a bad situation worse by blaming themselves. One January, I had to hold two funerals for two elderly women in my community. Both had died \"full of years\as the Bible would say. Their homes happened to be near each other, so I paid condolence(吊唁) calls on the two families on the same afternoon.
At the first home, the son of the deceased(过世的)woman said to me, \"If only I had sent my mother to Florida and gotten her out of this cold and snow, she would be alive today. It's my fault that she died.\" At the second home, the son of the other deceased woman said, \"If only I hadn't insisted on my mother's going to Florida, she would be alive today. That long airplane ride, the sudden change of climate, was more than she could take. It's my fault that she's dead.\" You see that any time there is a death, the survivors will feel guilty. Because the course of action they took turned out bad, they believe that the opposite course—keeping Mother at home, putting off the operation—would have turned out better. After all, how could it have turned out any worse?
There seem to be two elements involved in our willingness to feel guilty. The first is our need to believe that the world makes sense, that there is a cause for every effect and a reason for everything that happens. That leads us to find patterns and connections both where they really exist and where they exist only in our minds.
The second element is the view that we are the cause of what happens, especially the bad things that happen. It seems to be a short step from believing that every event has a cause to believing that every disaster is our fault. The roots of this feeling may lie in our childhood. A baby comes to think that the world exists to meet his needs, and that he makes everything happen in it. He wakes up in the morning and summons the rest of the world to his tasks. He cries, and someone comes to attend to him. When he is hungry, people feed him, and when he is wet, people change him. Very often, we do not completely outgrow that childish view that our wishes cause things to happen.
（1）What is said about the two deceased elderly women? A.They lived out a natural life.
B.They died of exhaustion after the long plane ride. C.They weren't used to the change in weather. D.They died due to lack of care by family members.
（2）The author had to conduct the two women's funerals probably because . A.he wanted to comfort the two families B.he was an official from the community C.he had great pity for the deceased D.he was minister of the local church
（3）People feel guilty for the death of their loved ones because . A.they found the funerals unsatisfactory
B.they believed that they were responsible C.they had ignored the natural course of events
D.they didn't know things often turn in the opposite direction
（4）People have been made to believe since babyhood that . A.everybody should try to meet others' needs B.life and death is an unsolved mystery C.every story should have a happy ending
D.their wishes are the cause of everything that happens 【答案】 （1）A （2）D （3）B （4）D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，作者通过两个已故夫人的儿子自责的话语，引出并分析了人们产生负罪感的两个因素。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Both had died‘full of years’, as the Bible would say.”正如《圣经》所说，两人都已“老死”。可知，这两个老妇人是正常、自然死亡的。故选A。 （2）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“as the Bible would say”正如《圣经》所说；以及“One January, I had to hold two funerals for two elderly women in my community.”一月的一天，我要为我们社区的两位老妇人举行两场葬礼。可知，作者信仰《圣经》并主持葬礼，由此推出作者的身份应为牧师。故选D。
（3）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Because the course of action they took turned out bad, they believe that the opposite course—keeping Mother at home, putting off the operation—would have turned out better.”因为他们采取的行动结果是糟糕的，他们认为相反的做法——让母亲呆在家里，推迟手术——结果会更好。可知，他们认为如果自己选择相反的做法，母亲就不回去世了，认为自己有责任。故选B。
（4）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“A baby comes to think that the world exists to meet his needs, and that he makes everything happen in it.”一个婴儿开始认为世界的存在是为了满足他的需要，他让一切都发生在世界上。可知，人们从婴儿时期就意识到是他们的愿望是世界上一切发生的原因。故选D。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇人生感悟类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
8．阅读理解
The great-grandmother is learning English with the help of her family when she is at the age of 91. She hopes to use the language at next year's Olympic Games in Tokyo. Takamizawa was one of the more than 200, 00 people who requested to volunteer for Tokyo's 2020 Games. English is not required for service, but it is a useful skill for volunteers to have.
But Takamizawa had not been able to learn the language when she was young. Takamizawa said that she was in high school when World War Two started. She said, \"In my second year there, English was banned because it was the enemy language.\"
Takamizawa said her grandchildren helped persuade her that she was not too old to learn. \"When I talked to my grandchildren about my wish, they said, 'It's not too late. We will teach you one word a day' \". Natsuko is Takamizawa's granddaughter and main English teacher. Natsuko sends a new English word to her grandmother's phone every day. They also often work together directly on phrases that Takamizawa will need for the Olympics. \"Welcome to Tokyo, this is the Olympic stadium, how can I help you?\" Takamizawa answers when asked to say an English phrase she has learned. Natsuko explains that she wanted to give her grandmother something to enjoy. \"I can clearly see her English is getting better. It's my joy now.\"
The EF English Proficiency Index is a measure of the level of English spoken in a country. Japan ranks 49th among countries where English is not the first language. This situation is slowly changing as younger generations welcome English. However, Takamizawa believes real change will not happen unless Japanese people become more open to the rest of the world. With around 500 days to go until the games begin, the whole Takamizawa family is ready to welcome the world to Tokyo.
（1）Why couldn't Takamizawa learn English when she was young?
A. Because English was useless. B. Because she was too young to learn English. C. Because English was forbidden to learn. D. Because she was unwilling to learn English. （2）What can we know from the third paragraph? A. Takamizawa gets strong support from her family. B. Takamizawa's grandchildren love her a lot.
C. Natsuko is Takamizawa's granddaughter and only English teacher. D. Natsuko teaches Takamizawa English mainly by talking with her.
（3）What does the underlined phrase \"This situation\" in Paragraph 4 refer to? A. English is not the first language in Japan.
B. The level of English spoken in Japan is relatively low. C. Younger generations in Japan welcome English. D. Japanese people become open to the rest of the world. （4）What is the main idea of the passage?
A. Where there is a will, there is a way. B. It is never too late to learn. C. The early bird catches the worm. D. Two heads are better than one. 【答案】 （1）C （2）A （3）B （4）B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，日本91岁的奶奶Takamizawa为了做好迎接在东京举行的2020奥运会的志愿工作，在孙辈的鼓励和帮助下开始学习英语。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“But Takamizawa had not been able to learn the language when she was young. Takamizawa said that she was in high school when World War Two started. She said, ‘In my second year there, English was banned because it was the enemy language.’”可知，是在她高中二年级时第二次世界大战大战爆发了，而英语因为是敌人的语言被禁止了，故选C。
（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的”Takamizawa said her grandchildren helped persuade her that she was not too old to learn. ‘When I talked to my grandchildren about my wish, they said, ‘It's not too late. We will teach you one word a day' ”.可知她的孙辈说服并且帮助她学习英语，因此推断她从家人那里得到很大的支持。故选A。
（3）考查词义猜测。根据第四段中的“Japan ranks 49th among countries where English is not the first language.” 在英语不是第一语言的国家中，日本排名第49位。可知“This situation”指的是在日本人的英语水平相对较低，故选B。
（4）考查主旨大意。文章主要介绍了日本91岁的奶奶Takamizawa在孙辈的鼓励和帮助下学习英语，从她身上体现了“活到老，学到老”的精神，故选B。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
9．阅读理解
When Andrew Kaplan recalls, his stories leave the impression that he has managed to pack multiple lives into a single existence: A war reporter in his 20s. an army member, a successful businessman and- later. the author of numerous spy novels and Hollywood scripts.
Now the silver haired 78-year old has realized he would like his loved ones to have access to those stories, even when he is no longer alive to share them. Kaplan has agreed to become \"AndyBot\"--- a virtual person who will be: immortalized(T F5)in the cloud for hundreds, perhaps thousands of years
If all goes according to plan future generations will be able to interact with him using voice computing platforms of mobile devices, asking him questions, letting him tell stories and drawing upon a lifetime's worth of advice long after his physical body is gone.
Someday, Kaplan, who playfully refers to himself as a pig, may be remembered as one of the world's first digital humans.
For decades, Silicon Valley futurists have sought to free humanity from the life cycle. Today, a new generation of companies is selling some approximation(近似) of virtual immortality, which gives people the opportunity to preserve one's legacy(遗产) online forever.
Kaplan is eager to become one of the world's first virtual residents, partly because he considers the effort a way to extend closed family bonds over multiple generations.
If technology succeeds in creating emotionally intelligent digital humans, experts say, it may forever change the way living people cooperate with computers and experience loss. \"AndyBot\" may become one of the world's first: meaningful examples, raising complex philosophical questions about the nature of immortality and the purpose of existence itself. （1）What is the purpose of the first paragraph? A.To highlight Kaplan's achievements. B.To introduce the topic- -AndyBot. C.To arouse readers interest in Kaplan. D.To introduce Kaplan's life.
（2）Why did Andrew Kaplan agree to become AndyBot?
A.He wanted to share his life experience as long as possible. B.He wanted to make his loved one remember him. C.He believed this action will help with his novels. D.He could live in the cloud to continue his life.
（3）What might the AndyBot do for future generations? A.He may use voice computing platforms. B.He may use a new body to go on living. C.He may offer some guidance. D.He may ask them questions.
（4）What can we infer from the last paragraph? A.Philosophical problems can be worked out by modern science. B.People can talk with their late family members freely. C.Scientists have made great progress in computer science. D.There is still a long way for digital humans to go. 【答案】 （1）B （2）A （3）C （4）D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了科技新动态----数字人。
（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段可知，当安德鲁·卡普兰回忆往昔的时候，他的故事让人感觉他活出了各种各样的人生：20多岁的时候是战地记者，还是一名军人，一位成功的商人，随后又是很多间谍小说和好莱坞剧本的作者。主要介绍安德鲁·卡普兰丰富多彩的人生；在根据第二段中的“Now the silver haired 78-year old has realized he would like his loved ones to have access to those stories, even when he is no longer alive to share them. Kaplan has agreed to become “AndyBot”--- a virtual person who will be”现在这位花白头发的78岁的老人想要他爱的人知道这些故事，甚至当他去世之后还可以分享这些故事。Kaplan同意变成数字人 ，可知，第一段的内容主要是引出下文中文章的话题数字人。故选B。
（2）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Now the silver haired 78-year old has realized he would like his loved ones to have access to those stories, even when he is no longer alive to share them. Kaplan has agreed to become ‘AndyBot’...a virtual person who will be”现在这位花白头发的78岁的老人想要他爱的人知道这些故事，甚至当他去世之后还可以分享这些故事。Kaplan同意变成数字人，可知，卡普兰同意变成数字人是为了能更长时间的分享自己的这些故事。故选A。
（3）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“If all goes according to plan. future generations will be able to interact with him using voice computing platforms of mobile devices, asking him questions, letting him tell stories and drawing upon a lifetime's worth of advice long after his physical body is gone. ”如果一切按计划进行，后代可以通过移动端的语音平台和他交流，即使他的肉体不存在后，还可以问他问题，让他讲故事以及咨询他一生经验的宝贵建议。可知卡普兰成为“数字人”后，他的后代仍能得到他一生经验的宝贵建议。故选C。
（4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“If technology succeeds in creating emotionally
intelligent digital humans, experts say, it may forever change the way living people cooperate with computers and experience loss.”可知，专家们说，如果科技成功地创造出高情商的数字人类，它可能会永远改变人类与电脑交互的方式，以及处理失去亲人创伤的方式，即目前的数字人类还无法拥有高情商，还是不够完美的，因此数字人技术还有很长的路要走。故选D。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科技类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
10．阅读理解
A new study suggests a link between exposure to greenery and reduced desires for alcohol cigarette and junk food.
The study is the first to investigate the possible relationships between exposure to nature and desires and negative emotions. Researchers at the University of Plymouth's School of Psychology surveyed 149 respondents (应答者) aged 21 o 65 about the proportion( 比例 )of green space in their neighborhood, the presence of green views from their home, their access to a garden and how often they use public green space. The study also asked questions about experiences with depression and anxiety, as well as desires for things like caffeine, alcohol and nicotine. Participants rated the intensity( 强度), imagery, and intrusiveness(侵扰性) of their desires on an 11-point scale.
Researchers found the presence of visible green space contributed to decreased desires for junk food. The effect was particularly noticeable when more than 25 percent of a respondent's view was greenery.
Previous scholarship(学术研究) has dealt mostly with exercise in nature: A 2015 study out of the University of Michigan found 90- minute group nature walks were effective at combatting depression and relieving other mood disorders. But for people who struggle with accessibility or don't have time for a 90-minute walk, this new study suggests just looking out a window at a tree can help fight off a bad habit.
\"It has been known for some time that being outdoors in nature is linked to a person's well-being,\" lead author Leanne Martin said in a statement.\" But for there to be a similar association with desires from simply being able to see green space adds a new dimension to the previous research.\"
A 2018 study from Denmark's Aarhus University for example, found that. Having access to green space throughout childhood decreased a person's risk of developing mental health problems as an adult.
（1）What does the second paragraph mainly talk about? A.The results of the new study. B.The purpose of the new study. C.The significance of the new study. D.The content of the new study.
（2）What does the underlined word \"combatting\" in paragraph 4 probably mean? A.Reducing.
B.Developing. C.Understanding. D.Encouraging
（3）According to the passage, the new study _____. A.mainly referred to exercise in nature
B.has enriched the previous research to some degree C.was carried out by the University of Michigan
D.found exposure to greenery helped cure mental problems （4）n which section of a newspaper may this passage appear? A.Entertainment B.Business World C.Tech &Science D.Environment 【答案】 （1）D （2）A （3）B （4）C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一项新的研究成果---多看绿色植物和吃垃圾食品这两者看似风马牛不相及，可研究结构却表明它们之间存在着一种奇妙的关系：多看绿色植物能帮助人们克制吃垃圾食品的欲望。
（1）考查段落大意。根据第二段中的 “Researchers …surveyed 149 respondents aged 21 o 65 about the proportion of green space in their neighborhood…”研究人员调查了年龄在21~65岁之间的149名参与者小区内的绿植比例……；以及“The study also asked questions about experiences with depression and anxiety…”研究中还问了与抑郁及焦虑有关的问题……等可知，第二段主要介绍了新研究的调查内容，故选D。
（2）考查词义猜测。根据常识可知，在大自然中散步对人体有各种各样的好处，再结合句中出现的“relieving other mood disorders(缓解其他情绪紊乱)”不难推断出， combatting depression应表示“减轻抑郁”。故选A。
（3）考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的“…adds a new dimension(方面) to the previous research”为以前的研究增加了新的方面，可知，新的研究在某种程度上丰富了之前的研究成果。故选B。
（4）考查推理判断。纵观全文可知，本文介绍了一项科学研究的研究成果，所以该文章最有可能出现在“技术与科学”版块。故选C。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，推理判断和段落大意四个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
因篇幅问题不能全部显示，请点此查看更多更全内容