phonetic rules

(PRIMER CORTE)

SPELLING RULES

This is a partial list of the many, many spelling rules. Please keep

in mind that there are exceptions to every rule. There are also many words that are non-phonetic and do not follow any rules. These words must be memorized.

I. DEFINITONS

1. Consonants: A. Single consonant: All of the alphabet except a, e, i, o, u. B. Consonant diagraphs: two consonants which together make one consonant sound

1. Basic diagraphs: ch, sh, th, wh, ng, nk 2. Other diagraphs: ck, ph, gh, wr, kn, gn, mn, mb C. Blends: two or three consonants said together, each keeping its own sound: br, cr, dr, fr, gr, pr, tr, scr, bl, cl, fl, gl, pl, sc, sk, sm, sn, sp,st, sw, tw

2. Vowels: A. Single vowels: a, e, i, o, u, sometimes y B. Vowel diagraphs: a single vowel is always long, the second silent: ai, ay, ea, ee, ei, ie, oa, oe, oo, ou, ow, ue, ui

3. Syllable: a word or part of a word that contains one vowel sound

4. Suffix: an ending added onto a root word: er, ed, ing, est

II. ALPHABET PRONUNTIATION

(have the students to practice with all the letters)

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UNIVERSIDAD COOPERATIVA DE COLOMBIA “Profesionales con Criterios Políticos” Villavicencio – Meta – Colombia

(SEGUNDO CORTE)

What Phonics Rules Should I Know?

Because the English language is so complex, there are many phonics rules. Knowing the phonics rules that apply most often can be a major aid to

identifying words and improving comprehension in your reading. But keep in mind there are some words that don't follow the rules. You will just have to watch out for these exceptions.

Here are the most useful phonics rules you should know:

1. Every syllable in every word must contain a vowel. The vowels are: a, e, i, o, u, and

y (although y is a consonant when at the beginning of a word). 2. When \"c\" is followed by \"e, i, or y,\" it usually has the soft sound of \"s.\" Example:

city. 3. When \"g\" is followed by \"e, i, or y,\" it usually has the soft sound of \"j.\" Example:

gem. 4. A consonant digraph is two or more consonants that are grouped together and

represent a single sound. Here are consonant digraphs you should know: wh (what), sh (shout), wr (write), kn (know), th (that), ch (watch), ph (laugh), tch (watch), gh (laugh), ng (ring). 5. When a syllable ends in a consonant and has only one vowel, that vowel is short.

Examples: tap, bed, wish, lock, bug. 6. When a syllable ends in a silent \"e,\" the vowel that comes before the silent \"e\" is

long. Examples: take, gene, bite, hope, fuse. 7. When a syllable has two vowels together, the first vowel is usually long and the

second vowel is silent. Example: stain. 8. When a syllable ends in a vowel and is the only vowel, that vowel is usually long.

Examples: ba/ker, be/come, bi/sect, go/ing, fu/ture, my/self. 9. When a vowel is followed by \"r\" in the same syllable, the vowel is neither long nor

short. Examples: charm, term, shirt, corn, surf.

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UNIVERSIDAD COOPERATIVA DE COLOMBIA “Profesionales con Criterios Políticos” Villavicencio – Meta – Colombia

(TERCER CORTE)

Phonetic Rules for

Spelling

taken in part from Professor Phonics Gives Sound Advice by Monica Foltzer, M. Ed. St. Ursula Academy 1965, 1974, 1976

1. Vowel Rule 1: When there is only one vowel in a word or syllable and the vowel comes between two consonants, the vowel is usually short.

ex. back, fed, gun, cut, fig

2. Vowel Rule 2: When there is only one vowel in a word or syllable and the vowel comes at the beginning of the word, the vowel is usually short.

ex: egg, off, it, add, us

3. Vowel Rule 3: When a syllable has 2 vowels together, the first vowel is usually long and the second is silent. Eg: \"rain, meat, coat, res/cue, day,\". NOTE: Diphthongs don't follow this rule

ex: maid, hear, cute, coat, tied

4. Vowel Rule 4: When there is only one vowel in a word or syllable and the vowel comes at the end, the vowel is usually long. ex: why, no, he

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5. Vowel Rule 5: When a is followed by u, w, r, ll, and lt in the same syllable, it often has the third sound of a, the Italian a. ex: haul, pause, scar, fall, pawn, fault

6. Vowel Rule 6: When Y comes at the end of a two or more syllable word, Y has the sound of long e if the Y syllable is unaccented.

ex: funny, penny, soapy, flaky, tidy

7. Vowel Rule 7: When Y comes at the end of a two or more

syllable word, Y has the sound of long i if the Y syllable is accented. ex: defy, comply, identify, supply, multiply

8. Vowel Rule 8: When words end with the suffix -ing, -ed, or -er, the first vowel is usually short if it comes between two consonants. ex: skinned, helper, canned, robber, shunned

9. Vowel Rule 9: When words end with the suffix -ing, -ed, or -er, the first vowel is usually long if it comes before a single consonant. ex: tamer, noted, user, zoning, cubed,

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The Long Vowel Rule (1) Long Vowel Rule (1): When a word has two vowel, usually the first vowel says its name and the second vowel is silent. 1. Long vowel a words mail gain bake ape paint gray nail main cake tape day play pail pain lake ate hay pray rail rain make hate lay stay sail train rake late may stray tail mane take date pay tray came vane pale gate say fade game wave sale bait way made name save whale wait clay grade 2. Long vowel e words sea seal fear beef wheat sheep tea beam hear meek seem sleep reach team near seek seen deer teach bean bee feel teen feet beak mean tree heal green meet weak heap free peel deep beet heal leap feed hear peep greet meal ear need meat weep key real dear weed seat creep three 3. Long vowel i words

hide bike dime vine pie dive ride like lime wipe tie five side hike time pipe fire hive tide file chime ripe hire cry wide mile dine rise tire dry bridge pile fine wise wire fly glide tile line size bite fry pride smile mine prize kite try slide while pine die white sky 4. Long vowel o words road coat hole rope stove grow load goat pole nose bow know toad hoe

stole rose

low show

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UNIVERSIDAD COOPERATIVA DE COLOMBIA “Profesionales con Criterios Políticos” Villavicencio – Meta – Colombia oak toe home close mow slow soak rode bone chose row snow foam joke cone hose tow throw roam poke tone note blow boast soap spoke stone vote crow roast boat smoke hope dove flow toast 5. Long vowel u words suite June true new chew flew fruit tune use pew drew slew juice prune fuse crew grew stew cute blue dew knew screw mew flute clue few mule threw cube dune glue hew rule blew tube The Long Vowel Rule (2) Long Vowel Rule (2): If a word has one vowel and it comes at the end of the word, that word usually has a long vowel sound. 6. Long vowel words that follow Rule 2 he we why lo yo-yo Exceptions: me by go no be do she my so so hi to The Long Vowel Rule (3) Long Vowel Rule (3): The vowel i and o have the long vowel sound when followed by two or more consonants usually has a long vowel sound. 7. Long vowel words that follow Rule 2 child mind light old colt most bind blind night cold colt post find grind right fold jolt roll hind high bright hold volt toll kind fight flight told both stroll 6

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Vowel Rule No.4

When a word end in ck, it usually has the short vowel sound.

Short vowel words that end in ck

black neck sock duck quack sick jack check block truck snack brick pack speck clock cluck track chick sack dock flock pluck kick quick tack lock knock stuck lick stick black rock stuck truck pick trick

Vowel Rule No.5

When there is only one vowel in a word or syllable and the vowel comes between two consonants, the vowel is usually short. Examples: back, fed, gun, cut, fig, put,

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