重点单词：
person n.人 cheerful adj.快乐的，高兴的
hard-working adj.勤勉的，努力的 smart adj. 聪明的
forget v.忘记 patient ①adj.耐心的 ② n.病人 probably adv.可能 care 照顾 smell n. 气味 v.闻起来 miss v.想念，错过 joke 玩笑 laugh 笑remain 保持 strict 严格 encourage v.鼓励 support 支持 successful adj.获得成功的 success n.成功member 成员 paragraph n.段落 dress n.连衣裙 v.给···穿衣服 die v.死 (非延续性） 三单：dies 过去式：died 现在分词：dying dead adj. death n.
常考短语：
as well as 也，和··一样 take care of =look after照顾 all day and all night 整日整夜 go to work 去工作 be strict about 对···严格
tell jokes 讲笑话 make fun of 取笑
give up 放弃
be strict in sth. 对某事严格
be strict with sb.对某人要求严格
辨析：Stop doing sth. 停止做某事；将stop后的动作停止 The boy stopped laughing.
Stop to do sth. 停下来去做某事；停止其他事情，开始做stop后的动作The boy stopped to laugh. Forget doing sth. 表示“忘记做过某事（做完了）”：He forgot buying this scarf in Paris. Forget to do sth. 表示“忘记去做某事（还没做）”：I forget to give him the book..
经典句型：
1. She is good at ···？
be good at 意为“擅长；在.....方面做得好”，at后跟名词，代词或动名词。 与do well in意思相近。 Eg: I’m good at Chinese. = I do well in Chinese. She is good at swimming. = He____ ______ _____swimming. What subjects______ you _______ ________? 你擅长哪些科目？ 2. What do you think of … ? 你认为，觉得......怎么样？
用来询问对方对某人/事的看法、态度），。回答时可以根据自己的看法来作出评价。 可用 How do you like.....? 替换 Eg：What do you think of the movie? = How do you like the movie? 3. Why not do sth. … ? =why don’t you do sth. ? 为什么不做某事？（句型中的动词都用原形。） 用来提出自己的建议或征求对方的意见。Eg：Why not join us? =_____________________________? Why not go shopping? =_____________________________________? 表建议的句型还有：How about…?\\\\ what about…?
Let’s do …！
Shall we …?
4.询问工作的句型：what +do/does +主语+do? ； What is/are +主语； What +is +sb’s job?
详细讲解：
1. person n. 人 pl. persons/ people
person可数名词，指具体的“个人”，侧重于个体，无性别之分e.g. Do you know the person over there? people作“人”讲时是集体名词，表复数概念，泛指“人们”。People love having cats as pets. 注意，当people作“民族”讲时是个体名词，复数是peoples。 e.g. The English-speaking peoples share a common language.
2. cheerful 高兴的，快乐的 例：Do you know why she is so cheerful? 近义词：happy，glad 拓展：--ful是一个形容词的后缀，某些动词或名词之后加--ful 构成形容词，表示具有某种性质。 Help---helpful(有帮助的) thank---thankful(感激的) Care---careful(仔细的) use----useful(有用的) cheer n. 欢呼 v. 欢呼；使……高兴；加油 e.g. Her help brought cheer to our hearts. She failed the exam，and we want to cheer her up.
各种“高兴；开心；快活；愉快”：happy, joyful, joyous, merry, glad, pleased, pleasant, delighted 3．hard-working adj. 工作努力的；勤奋的 opposite word: lazy adj. 懒惰的
注意：hard-working是形容词，work hard是动词词组。 对比：He is a hard-working doctor. He works hard to cure the patients.
复合形容词，peace-loving，life-long，so-called，part-time 例：She is a hard-working student.
I got a part-time job.
4. patient 两个意思，名词是“病人”；形容词是“耐心的”，opposite word: impatient adj. 没耐心的。 例：Don’t worry, be patient, please.
As a doctor, you should be patient to your patients.
以im-开头的表示否定的词：patient - impatient possible - impossible polite - impolite perfect - imperfect 5. with 介词。
（1）表示状态，“具有（外貌特征）；带有”，构成介词短语作后置定语。 My grandmother was a short woman with grey hair.（page3)
He is tall with blue eyes.
A house with a small garden 一座带有一个小花园的房子; the man with long hair 留长发的那名男子。 （2）表示关系，“与，同，和……一起”，例：I am talking with my friend.
Come with me.
With her were her son and daughter-in-law. 和她在一起的是他的儿子和儿媳。 （3）表示方式，“用（工具，手段），以……方式” ，例：Cut meat with a knife. （4）表示伴随，“携带”“随着，与此同时”，例：I have no money with me. She left the room with all the lights on. 她离开了房间，灯还亮着。 Perhaps he has grown wiser with age. 可能随着年纪增长，他变聪明了。 （5）表示对象，“关于，对于”，例：What’s wrong with you? He was still a little angry with her. 他还有点生她的气。
（6）表示原因，“由于，因为”，例：He spent a week in bed with flu. 他得了流感，一星期卧病在床
with结构是许多英语复合结构中最常用的一种，其构成：with结构=with/without+复合结构。 其中，复合结构=宾语（名词/代词）+补足语（形容词/副词/介词短语/非谓语动词）。例： I like to sleep with the windows open. 我喜欢开着窗户睡觉。（表示伴随，with + n. + adj.） She left the room with all the lights on. 她离开了房间，灯还亮着。（表示伴随，with + n. + adv.） With the children at school, we can’t take our vacation when we want to. 由于孩子们在上学，当我们想度假时却不能去。（表示原因，with + n. + 介词短语）
With no one to talk to, John felt miserable. 由于没有可以说话的人，约翰感到很悲哀。（with + n. + 不定式）
She had to walk home with her bike stolen. 自行车被偷，她只好步行回家。（with + n. + 过去分词） With spring coming on, trees turn green. 春天到了，树变绿了。（表示时间，with + n. + 现在分词） 6. cook v.烹调、煮、烧 n.厨师；此处作可数名词，意为厨师。 Cooker 炊具 7. smart adj. 聪明的；机敏的；时髦的 opposite word: foolish adj. 笨的；愚蠢的 e.g. You are so smart. You can finish that difficult Maths problem in only five minutes. The smart lady is Tina’s mother. ?
各种“聪明的”：clever, intelligent, wise, acute, knowledgeable ... 8. probably 可能地，adv. 例：You are probably right.
I will probably go home.
Probable adj. 可能的 It is probable to finish the work before dark.
区别于：possible a. （1）可能的，但是可能性小 Is such a thing possible? 这种事可能吗? I'll do everything possible to help you. 我将尽一切可能帮助你。
（2）.有可能的[F][+that] It's possible that he will not accept the invitation. 他有可能不接受邀请 9. forget（注意中度音节的位置）忘记，反义词是Remember
（1）forget后接人或事、物，表示“忘记某人/某事/某物”：I forget your name, so please tell me again. （2）forget+to do 表示“忘记去做某事（还没做）”：I forget to give him the book.. （3）forget+doing表示“忘记做过某事（做完了）”：He forgot buying this scarf in Paris. 相似用法：remember to do sth. 记得去做某事
remember doing sth. 记得做过某事
stop to do sth. 停下来去做某事 stop doing sth. 停止做某事
10. smell n. 气味 v. 闻；嗅（1）作为名词“气味”，I don’t like the smell of bananas. （2）作为行为动词，直接跟宾语，Smell the perfume, do you like it?
（3）作为系动词，后接形容词来修饰主语：The meat smells nice, but tastes terrible.
各种系动词： be [am, is, are]（状态系动词）；keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand（持续系动词）；seem, appear, look（表象系动词）；feel, sound, smell, taste（感官系动词）； become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run（变化系动词）；prove, turn out（终止系动词）... 11. as well意为“也”。常放在句末，相当于too。例： I can speak Chinese and I can speak English as well.
辨析：as well, also, too和either
as well副词短语，多用于口语中，用于句末，前面通常不用逗号隔开。E.g. he can swim as well. also较正式，位置通常接近动词，不用于句末，常用于肯定句中。E.g. He also wants to go there. too多用于口语中，位置常在句末，前面常有逗号隔开. E.g. I’m a boy, too.
either用于否定句中，常用于句末。在肯定句变成否定句时，其中的also，too，as well都要变成either。E.g. He doesn’t want to go there, either.
He speaks English and Spanish as well. = He speaks English and Spanish, too. = He speaks English and he also speaks Spanish.
12. take care of 意为“照顾，照料”，相当于look after，其中care做名词。
take good care of....相当于look after....well,表示“照顾好....” Eg: Can you take care of the baby? Nurses take care of patients in hospital. = Nurses look after patients in hospital.
care n. 照顾 v. 关心；关注；在乎（不及物动词） 例：If you don’t care, who cares? careful adj. 仔细的；小心的 careless adj. 粗心的；漫不经心的 carefully adv. 仔细地；小心地 carelessly adv. 粗心地；草率地 carefulness n. 仔细；慎重 carelessness n. 粗心大意；草率
短语(1) care about sth. 担心/在乎某事 e.g. The only thing he cares about is money. (2) take care of sb. 照顾某人 e.g. I’ll take care of myself.
(3) care for sb. 照顾某人（病人） e.g. She cared for her father in his dying year. (4) care for sth. 想要某物 e.g. Would you care for a drink?
(5) care to do sth. 愿意做某事（用于礼貌性话语）= be willing to do sth. e.g. Would you care to wait here, sir?
13. miss v. 想念，怀念；错过；过失 n. 小姐；女士（用于未婚的女性，放在姓之前，要大写） 例：I miss my classmates in my primary school. 14. tell jokes讲笑话
joke n. 玩笑 v. 说笑话；开玩笑 e.g. He is full of fun. He always tells jokes to make us laugh. I didn’t get the joke.
They are laughing and joking together.
He missed the train.
Are you Miss Huang?
play a joke on sb. 开某人玩笑 have a joke 说笑话；开玩笑 Are you joking (me)? = Are you kidding (me)? 你在（和我）开玩笑吗？
15. laugh v. 玩笑 laughter n. 笑；笑声e.g. Why are you laughing so happily? laugh at 嘲笑......
laugh about 讥笑......
laugh with 和......一起笑
16. make fun of 意为“取笑某人”等于“laugh at sb.”“play jokes on sb.” 例： Don’t make fun of your classmates.
17. be good at 意为“擅长；在.....方面做得好”，at后跟名词，代词或动名词。与do well in相近。 例： I’m good at Chinese. =I do well in Chinese.
She is good at swimming. = She____ ______ _____swimming. What subjects ______you_______ ________? 你擅长哪些科目？ 18. remain 仍然 保持不变
(1) remain 常作为系动词，表示“仍然 保持不变”后面可接名词、形容词、介词短语、分词作表语。 例：We will remain friends forever.
Peter became a manager, but Jack remained a worker.
I asked her questions, but she remained silent. He had to remain in hospital until he was better.
The guests came in, but she remained sitting at the desk reading. 背记课文中的句子“I hope we will remain friends”.
(2) remain也可用作不及物动词，表示“剩下；剩余；遗留”，这种情况不能用进行时态，也没有被动语态。e.g. After the fire, very little remained of his house.
(3) remain指“某事有待于以后被处置”时，后面常接不定式的被动形式。 e.g. Many problems remain to be solved.
(4) remain作名词时表示“剩余物”，一般用其复数形式。 e.g. The archeologists found some remains of the Song Dynasty.
(5) remaining和left作为形容词均表示“剩余的”，区别是前者作前置定语，后者作后置定语。 e.g. There are still some apples left.
I bought a gift for her with the remaining money.
19. be full of = be filled with意为“充满” The bottle is full of water.瓶子里装满了水。 The room is full of smoke.那个房间满是烟。
20. be strict about 意为“对某事很严格”，但不是要做的。 be strict in 对做的某事很严格(强调是在做的) Our teacher are always strict about our homework.
be strict with.sb对某人很严厉,严格 He is very strict with his students.
Eg: Mr. Li ___ _________ ______our studies, but he always encourages us and give us support. She ____ _______ _______her daughter.
They ______very_______ _________ their work.
各种“严格”：strict通常用于指对人的行为要求符合规范,一般译为“严格的”;
severe多指由于客观需要而不能轻易改变规则和要求,含有冷酷无情之义,一般译为“严厉的”; stern则含有坚定不可动摇之义,多由人的性格所决定,一般译为“严谨的”。 （语气上：severe> stern> strict） 21. encourage 鼓励 名词加ment
encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事 例：He encourages me to study harder. encourage sb. in sth. 在某方面鼓励某人 encourage with sth 用……的方式鼓励某人 Our teacher encourages us to do more sport.
encourage by V-ing 为……而鼓舞 Thanks for your encouragement.
encourage本身是由courage“勇气”延伸出来的，加了en-则变成了“给予勇气”，也就是“鼓励”。由en-派生出来的词：cage - encage 把……关在笼子里 title - entitle 给（文、书）命名
train - entrain 使……上火车 plane - enplane 使……上飞机 rich - enrich 使......富裕 able - enable 使……能够
22. support n. 支持（不可数名词） v. 支持 supporter n. 支持者 e.g. Betty needs our support. Let’s give her a hand.
support one’s business支持某人的事业
Everybody else said I was wrong but Paul supported me. support in 在……方面给予支持 support on 支撑在……上
support by 靠……得到支持 support with 用……支撑
support sb. against sth. 支持某人去反对…… in support of 支持/证明…… (^o^) 各种“支持”：support指道义上或物质上支持某人,也可指对一项事业的支持或赞助; advocate指通过发表演说或写文章来表示支持、拥护,常暗示提倡某事或为某事辩护; uphold指把快要倒下的东西扶直并撑稳，引申指支持正受到攻击或挑战的某人或某事。 23. give up意为“放弃”，可接名词，代词或动名词做宾语。 Eg：We didn’t give up the chance. He gave up smoking.
!!!!!! give up 是“动词+副词”构成的短语，当宾语是代词时，只能放在give和up 之间。 Eg：Don’t give it up.
背记课文中的句子“Never give up and you will be successful”
24. successful adj. 获得成功的 success n. 成功 succeed v. 成功 successfully adv. 成功地 e.g. Who do you think is the most successful person in the world? Tom is a Successful businessman.
They finally got a big success.
Jim succeeded in getting the first place in English exam.
successful at 在……方面成功（侧重在行） successful in 在……方面成功（侧重成功） successful with 做……（事情）成功 例：She is a ______ woman.
Study hard and you will ______!
The dish was a great ______.
succeed in doing sth. vt,继承，接替
Succeeding,后来的，紧接着的 In the succeeding weeks, five more people came. 25. go to work 上班 Eg：（教材第11页）
26. all day and all night夜以继日Eg：（教材第11页）
Language points
1. Talk about the people you like .谈论你喜欢的人。（page1)
Talk about 谈论
Talk with 与……交谈（强调双方无主次性，相互交流）如：she is talking with a friend. Talk to 跟……谈话（强调一方的主动性，另一方以听为主） 如： I want to talk to my mother about the computer. 2. can you see the stars？你能看见那些星星吗？
Can是情态动词，“能，能够”，还可表示“许可，请求”，后面加动词原形。过去式could 肯定句变否定句时，can后加not，简写：can’t “不能，不会”
肯定句变疑问句时，将can 提到主语之前。 如：can you draw? ——yes, I can. /no, I can’t 其他类似的情态动词：may (might), must, need, ought to, dare(dared), shall (should), will (would)。 3. She takes time to help her child.
take time 意思是“花时间”，其后面可跟动词不定式（to do）。
e.g. Take time to check your answers before you hand in your test paper, please. hand in 上交（作业、试卷等）
（1）take time to do sth. 花时间做某事e.g. You should take some time to check your answer. （2）… is the time for sb. to do sth. 是某人做某事的时候 e.g. It is the time for you to work hard. （3）It takes sb. some time to do sth. = Sb. spends some time on sth.\\\\ in doing sth. e.g. It takes me one hour to go to school. = I spend one hour in going to school. 4. Grandma took care of my family.
take care of 意思是“关心；照顾”；和look after意思相近，可相互使用。 e.g. Nurses take care of patients in hospital. =Nurses look after patients in hospital. 5. I will never forget the taste, and the smell as well.
as well与as well as用法总结：
as well：“又；也”，常用作状语，相当于too或also，常位于句末，无须用逗号与句子分开。 e.g. I am going to London and my sister is going as well.
as well 在口语中也可用于句中，作“也好，也行”或“倒不如”解，用来缓和语气。 e.g. You may as well go.
as well 可以直接用于just后，用作应答语（可视为It’s just as well.的省略），作“幸亏，幸而；无妨；没关系”解。 e.g. —We were too late to see the film. —Just as well. I hear it isn't very good. as well as：常用来连接两个并列的成分，作“也，还”解。它强调的是前一项，后一项只是顺便提及。因此连接并列主语时，谓语动词与前一项一致；而用not only ...but also...连接时，谓语动词与后一项一致。e.g. Your wife as well as you is friendly to me.
as well as 用来表示同级比较，指“一样好”。e.g. He plays the guitar as well as you. 6. She often tells me jokes to make me laugh, but she never makes fun of others.
(1) tell jokes 意思是“开玩笑”，与have a joke意思相近，但前者可用tell sb. jokes表达，后者只能
用have a joke with sb.来表达。e.g. She often tells me jokes. = She often have a joke with me. (2) make sb. do sth. 意思是“使某人做某事”。make是使役动词，后加省“to”的动词不定式做宾
补。e.g. The teacher made the students do a lot of homework.
拓展：Make + sb. \\\\ sth. + adj. e.g. The news makes me happy \\\\ makes me sad.
注意：使役动词是表示“使、令、让、帮、叫”等意义的不完全及物动词，主要有leave, get, keep,
make(使，令), let(让), help(帮助), have(有；让；从事；允许；拿)等。 (3) make fun of 意思是“嘲弄；取消”，与laugh at 意思相近。
e.g. The older children always make fun of him because of his accent. =The older children always laugh at him because of his accent. 7. I hope we will always remain friends.
(1) hope + that宾语从句（此处that省略） I hope they win the match.
hope to do sth. 希望做某事 I hope to be your good friend. Hope for 盼望，期望 we hope for the best
(2) remain连系动词，“仍然是，保持不变”+n./adj./v-ing 如：we remain silent.
remain friends 意思是“还是朋友；保持朋友关系”。 e.g. You must tell me the truth, if we are to remain friends.
类似的还有：keep（保持），stay（保持），continue（继续、仍旧，stand（处于某状况）等。 8. His classes are always full of fun.
(1) 关于程度副词的辨析（复习）：always总是，一直(100%)；usually通常(80%左右)；often经常(50%)；sometimes有时(20%)；seldom很少(5%)；never 从不，绝不(0%) always反义词：never；unusually反义词：seldom
(2) be full of 意思是“充满……；装满……”，同义词组是be filled with。反义词：empty（倒空）
e.g. The bottle is full of milk. = The bottle is filled with milk. （往瓶子里一直“fill”，直到“full”）
(3) fun在这里作名词使用，意思是“乐趣；欢乐”；fun亦可以用作形容词，意思是“有趣的；
使人欢乐的”。这句话可以简化为：His classes are always fun. 9. He uses lots of games in his teaching.
(1) lots of 和a lot of 一样，意思是“许多；很多”，后面可接可数名词或不可数名词。
如果使用many (a large number of)或much (a large amount of)来表达“许多；很多”的话，注意many (a large number of)后只能接可数名词，much (a large amount of)后只能接不可数名词。 (2) teaching在这句话当中作名词用，意思是“教学”。e.g. Linda wants to go into teaching. 10. Mr. Li is strict about our studies, but he always encourages us and gives us support.
be strict about后面只能接sth.，表示“对某事要求严格”。 e.g. Our teachers are always strict about our homework.
be strict with后面只能接sb.，表示“对某人要求严格”。 e.g. He is very strict with his students. 11. He often says, “Never give up and you’ll be successful.”
(1) give up意思是“放弃”，也可表示“投降；认输”，可作不及物动词用，也可后面跟名词或动词
-ing形式等。e.g. I give up; tell me what the answer is.
In fact I’ve given up this idea. He told me to give up smoking.
(2) Never give up.是祈使句，相当于 Don’t give up forever.，意思是“永不放弃”。
(3) “Never give up and you’ll be successful.”是并列句，and前的分句用祈使句表达条件，and后的
分句表达结果。这样的句子常常可以用if引导的条件句进行改写： If you never give up/ don’t give up forever, you’ll be successful. 12. What does he look like?
(1) look like 看起来与（某人或某物）相像、相似
Eg：---Who does she look like？她看起来像谁？---She looks like her mother. 她看起来像她妈妈。 ----What does she look like？她长得怎么样？ ---She is tall and thin 她长得又高又瘦
(2) What...like常表示“……怎么样”，与How意思相近，因此该句子可改成：How does he look?
又如：What’s the weather like? = How is the weather? What does the song sound like? = How does the song sound?
另外，还有一个句型：What...think of ... ? 和How ... like ...? 可以互换。 e.g. What do you think of Shenzhen? = How do you like Shenzhen? (3) “What is he like？”与“What does he look like ？”的区别：
--- What is he like? 他那人怎么样？（不只是询问外表，侧重询问性格） ----He is clever ---What does he look like ? 他长什么样？（只是询问外表） ---He is very tall 他个子很高 13. Every day, he goes to work and helps sick people.
(1) go to work意思是“去上班”，要注意work前不加定冠词the。
(2) sick people指“病人”，也可用the sick代替。 e.g. Doctors look after sick people/ the sick. 14. Sometimes he has to work all day and all night, but he still finds time to help me with my studies. (1) all day and all night意思是“夜以继日，没日没夜”。e.g. My neighbour is singing all day and all night. (2) help sb. with sth. 意思是“帮助某人做某事”。 e.g. Can you help me with the luggage? 15. Mother’s Day is the time for us to say “Thank you” to our mums.
... is the time for sb. to do sth. 意思是“……是某人做某事的时候”。 e.g. Seven o’clock is the time for me to get up every day.
16. In most countries, people celebrate Mother’s Day on the second Sunday in May every year.
on the second Sunday in May意思是“五月的第二个星期日”，具体某一天前介词用on，月份前介词用in。我们复习一下in, on, at与时间的搭配。 (1) in的用法：一段时间里，将来时表示一段时间后
① 月份：in January in December 2020 ② 年份：in 2014
③ 一天中的某个部分：in the morning/ afternoon/ evening ④ 一段时间，表示“多久以后”：in three days, in two months (2) on的用法：某一天或某一天上下午等
① 具体某一天：on Monday, on 16 December
② 具体某一天的某个时段：on Friday evening of 1 May ③ 某些节日：on Christmas Day, on Thanksgiving Day (3) at的用法：某个时刻，某个瞬间
① 具体时刻：at 3 o’clock
② 相当于具体时刻的词：at lunchtime, at night, at midnight 但是，如果时间前有next, this等限定词，则前面不加任何介词。 17. We can take them to the park or the cinema.
take sb. to some place 意思是“带某人去某地”。 e.g. Can you take me to the nearest bus stop? 18. If you love your mum, why not plan a special Mother’s Day for her?
why not 意思是“为何不……”，常用于提出建议，后面接动词原形。 e.g. Why not go to the Science Museum this weekend?
另外，Why not.../ Shall we.../ Let’s...等都是用来提出建议的方式，因此上面的例句可以改为： Shall we go to the Science Museum this weekend? Let’s go to the Science Museum this weekend.
Grammar语法
冠词是一种虚词，本身不能单独使用，也没有词义，它常放在名词的前面，帮助说明名词的含义。冠词不能单独成为句子，只能作为名词修饰的一部分。 冠词在句子中常弱读。
冠词分为不定冠词（a/an），定冠词（the）和零冠词。 1. 不定冠词的用法：
不定冠词有a和an。a用于辅音音素开头的单词前，如a cat, a book, a European, a unit；an用于元音音素开头的单词前，如an umbrella, an owl, an hour, an honest girl等。
不定冠词a（an）与数词one 同源，是“一个”的意思。不定冠词的用法如下： (1) 指一类人或事，相当于a kind of：A plane is a machine that can fly.
Mr. Smith is an engineer.
(2) 指某一类人或事物中的一个，如：Be sure to bring me a dictionary. (3) 泛指某一人或事物，如：A man is waiting for you at the school gate. (4) 第一次提及某人某物，非特指：A boy is waiting for you.
(5) 表示“一个”，意为one，但数的概念没有one强。如：He has an interesting book.
There’s a tree on the hill.
(6) 表示“每一”相当于every，one：We study eight hours a day. (7) 表示“相同”相当于the same：We are nearly of an age. (8) 用于人名前，表示不认识此人或与某名人有类似性质的人或事：
A Mr. Smith came to visit you when you were out.
That boy is rather a Lei Feng.
(9) 用于固定词组中 A couple of, a bit, once upon a time, in a hurry, have a walk, many a time, a little,
a few, a lot, a type of, a pile, a great many, many a, as a rule, in a hurry, in a minute, in a short while, after a while, in a word, have a cold, have a try, keep an eye on, all of a sudden (10) 用于quite, rather, many, half, what, such之后：This room is rather a big one. (11) 用于so(as, too, how)+形容词之后：She is as clever a girl as you can wish to meet. 2. 定冠词的用法：
定冠词the与指示代词this，that同源，有“那（这）个”的意思，但较弱，可以和一个名词连用，来表示某个或某些特定的人或东西。
(1) 与单数名词连用表示一类事物，或与形容词或分词连用，表示一类人：The horse is a useful animal.
the dollar 美元；the fox 狐狸；the rich 富人；the living 生者；the wounded伤员 (2) 用于世上独一无二的事物名词前：the universe, the moon, the Pacific Ocean, the sky (3) 特指某（些）人或某（些）事物。e.g. The gentleman in brown is Alan’s grandfather.
Paris is the capital of France.
(4) 表示说话双方都了解的或上文提到过的人或事：Would you mind opening the door?
I have a new book. The book is about the sea.
(5) 用于乐器前面；用在radio前，表示“广播”：play the violin, play the guitar
Do you often listen to the radio?
Mozart could play the piano perfectly when he was only six.
(6) 用在姓氏的复数形式前，表示“一家人”或“夫妇”：the Greens, the Wangs (7) 用于序数词、形容词副词比较级/最高级和形容词only，very，same等前面：
Lily is always the first to school. It’s the only way to go there.
He is the taller of the two children. Do Alice and Kitty live in the same city?
That’s the very thing I’ve been looking for. 那正是我要找的东西。 (8) 与复数名词连用，指整个群体：
They are the teachers of this school. （指全体教师） They are teachers of this school. （指部分教师）
(9) 用在表示身体部位的名词前，表示所属关系，相当于物主代词：
She caught me by the arm. 她抓住了我的手臂。
He patted me on the shoulder.
(10) 用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前：the Great Wall长城, the Summer Palace颐和园
(11) 在国家名称、机关团体、党派、阶级等名词，及表示江河湖海，山川群岛的名词前：the United
States,the Communist Party of China, the French, the Yangtze River, the Atlantic Ocean, the South China Sea, the English Channel, the Alps
(12) 用于表示发明物的单数名词前：The compass was invented in China. 指南针是中国发明的。 (13) 在逢十的复数数词之前，指世纪的某个年代：in the 1990’s 在二十世纪九十年代 (14) 用于表示单位的名词前：I hired the car by the hour. 我按钟点租了这辆汽车。
(15) 用于一些表方向、方位、时间的名词前，及惯用语中： on the left/ right, in the east, in the distance,
in the morning/ afternoon/ evening, in the day, the day after tomorrow, the day before yesterday, the next morning, in the sky (water, field, country), in the dark, in the rain, in the beginning, in the end, in the middle(of), on the whole, by the way, go to the theatre, all the same仍然, all the time一直 3. 零冠词的用法：
(1) 专有名词，如国名、地名、人名前不用冠词：China, Jack, (2) 物质名词和抽象名词表一般概念时，通常不加冠词：
Man cannot live without water. 人离开水就无法生存。 但物质名词表示特定的意思时，需要加定冠词。
(3) 复数可数名词和不可数名词用作泛指，表示一类人或事物时，可不用冠词；
Do you often listen to light music?
They are teachers.
Failure is the mother of success.
Camels are very useful animals in the desert.
(4) 在季节、月份、节假日、星期、日期、一日三餐前：10 October, March, Sunday, National Day, spring
10 July is my birthday.
Uncle Tom will visit us in May.
Who did you invite to dinner yesterday?
注意，当我们表示“一顿饭”的含义时，有时可使用冠词：Mum cooked me a wonderful supper. (5) 家庭成员的名称、称呼或只有一个人担任的官衔、职务名词前不用冠词；
Lincoln was made President of America.
(6) 有物主代词、指示代词、不定代词如或名词所有格修饰的名词前不用冠词：
I want this book, not that one.
(√) Mike’s school is over there. 麦克的学校就在那边。 (×) The Mike’s school is over there. (7) 表示学科、语言、球类、棋牌类娱乐运动或游戏的名词前 He likes playing football/chess/poker. My favourite subject at school is Physics.
Can you speak English?
(8) 两个相同或相对的名词构成的平行结构前：husband and wife, knife and fork, day and night (9) 当by与火车等交通工具连用，表示一种方式时，中间无冠词：by train, by air, by land (10) 不用冠词的序数词：
a. 序数词前有物主代词
b. 序数词作副词：He came first in the race.
c. 在固定词组中：at (the) first, first of all, from first to last (11) television/ TV表示“电视节目”时，前面不加the。
e.g. My grandmother is watching television in the next room now.
(12) 有些个体名词不用冠词；如：school, college, prison, market, hospital, bed, table, class, town, church,
court等个体名词，直接置于介词后，表示该名词的深层含义； go to school 上学 go to the school 去学校 in hospital 住院 in the/ a hospital 在医院里
at table 进餐 at the table 坐在桌子旁边 in prison 坐牢 in the prison 在监狱
(13) 在下列习惯用语和固定短语中，名词前不能加the。e.g. at dawn/noon/ night; after school/ class
注意，有些固定搭配既可以带冠词，也可以不带冠词，但意思却发生了变化。 in front of 在某物外部的前面 on earth 究竟；到底 4. 冠词使用小提示 【速记口诀】
名词是秃子，常要戴帽子。可数名词单，须用a或an；辅音前用a，an在元音前。 若为特指时，则须用定冠。 复数不可数，泛指the不见；碰到代词时，冠词均不现。 【妙语诠释】 ①名词在一般情况下不单用，常常要和冠词连用；
②表示不确指的可数名词单数前要用不定冠词a或an，确指时要用定冠词the； ③如复数名词表示泛指，名词前有this，these，my，some等时就不用冠词。 大家除了掌握使用冠词的基本规则外，还应不拘泥于规则，注意冠词的活用：
(1) 表示世界上独一无二的事物的名词前一般加定冠词the; 但如果名词前有修饰语，也可能用不定
冠词a/an。如：the world, a peaceful world
the moon, a bright moon
in the front of 在某物内部的前面 on the Earth 在地球上
在这样的情况下，独一无二的单词被“泛指化”。也就是说，moon虽然独一无二，但是当用bright
来修饰moon的时候，不同状态的moon就构成了“多种多样的moon”，而此处的bright moon，就需要用泛指了。
(2) 表示一日三餐的名词前面一般不用冠词，但前面如果有了定语修饰，也可能用不定冠词a/an。
Have you had supper?
We had a wonderful supper.
(3) 表示乐器的名词前一般用定冠词the,但前面如果出现定语修饰，也可能用不定冠词a/an。
He starts his day by playing the violin.
He is playing a borrowed violin.
(4) 介词与表示交通工具的名词连用表示笼统的方式，前面一般不用冠词，但如果名词的前面出现
了修饰语，前面需加冠词。 He went to the station by car.
He went to the station in a black car.
(5) 表示语言的名词前一般不用冠词，但后面如果出现language一词，前面需加定冠词the。
English=the English language
French=the French language
(6) turn用作系动词时，后面作表语的单数名词前不用冠词。
He turned writer many years later. = He became a writer many years later. 5．冠词用法的正误辨析
［误］This building is an university. ［正］This building is a university.
［析］a用于以辅音音素开始的单词前，而an用于以元音音素开始的单词前，而不是元音字母开头的单词前。university的第一个音素是［j］，所以用a而不要用an。类似的有a European country等：
It is a useful dictionary.
I bought a used car.
又如：There is a “n” in the word.是错句，应为：There is an “n” in the word.因字母n的发音的第一个音素是元音。要注意的还有hour因其第一个字母h不发音，所以应该用an hour。 ［误］I need a umbrella because it looks like raining. ［正］I need an umbrella because it looks like raining.
［析］因umbrella的第一个音素是元音，所以应用an.常用的情况有：an old man, an English teacher, an elephant, an idea, an hour ago, an honest boy…。 ［误］“Can you help me” “Sorry, I'm in hurry.” ［正］“Can you help me” “Sorry. I'm in a hurry.” ［析］不定冠词的主要用法如下：
1. 用来表示一类人或事物，如：She is a teacher.
2. 指某一类人或事物中的一个，如：An elephant is bigger than a horse. 3. 泛指某一人或事物，如：A man is waiting for you at the school gate. 4. 相当于“one”的概念，如：I just bought a new dictionary.
5. 其主要的难点是用在固定词组中，如：have a walk/a rest /a look; have a break(=have a rest); have a good time (玩得好); have a cold (感冒)/ a headache (头痛);
又如：in a hurry 匆匆忙忙; make a face 作鬼脸; do somebody a favour 帮某人忙; a number of =many; ［误］I bought the dictionary yesterday. A dictionary is very good. ［正］I bought a dictionary yesterday. The dictionary is very good.
［析］在文章中第一次提到某物时用不定冠词，而第二次提到时用定冠词。 ［误］Please turn off lights before you leave. ［正］Please turn off the lights before you leave.
［析］虽然是第一次提到某物但说话双方均知其所指，也应用定冠词。 ［误］There are nine planets around a sun. ［正］There are nine planets around the sun.
［析］世上独一无二的天体等名词前应加定冠词，如：the earth, the moon, the sun, the sky, the sea. ［误］I live on a second floor of this building. ［正］I live on the second floor of this building.
［析］在序数词，形容词最高级前要用定冠词。如：He is the oldest in the family. ［误］I want to learn the second language this term. ［正］I want to learn a second language this term.
［析］在序数词的含意不是顺序中的第一第二，而其意在于再学一个，再来一个时，应用a，本句的意思应为：这学期我要学一门第二外语。
［误］Mississippi is one of the longest rivers in the world. ［正］The Mississippi is one of the longest rivers in the world. ［析］在河流名称前应加定冠词，如：the Yellow River(黄河)。 ［误］Look, there are Alp. ［误］Look, there are the Alp. ［正］Look, there are the Alps.
［析］具体的某一座山不加定冠词，如：Mountain Tai.但在山名称前加定冠词后，其山名要加s，来表示山脉。the Alps即为阿尔卑斯山脉。如:The Alps are in the center of Europe. ［误］Times is one of the oldest newspapers in the world. ［正］The Times is one of the oldest newspapers in the world. ［析］报刊名称前应加定冠词。 ［误］Rich are not always happy. ［正］The rich are not always happy.
［析］在形容词前加定冠词表示一类人，而在姓的前面加定冠词，姓后加s表示某一家，如：The turners are going to move to New York.
［误］I like to eat bread for breakfast. Bread sells in this shop is very good. ［正］I like to eat bread for breakfast. The bread sells in this shop is very good.
［析］物质名词特指时也应加定冠词。 ［误］The sun rises in east. ［正］The sun rises in the east.
［析］在方向、方位前应用定冠词，如：in the east, in the west, in the north, in the south, in the direction 及in the past, in the future
［误］Do you know who invented telephone ［正］Do you know who invented the telephone ［析］在特定和专有事物或名称前要加定冠词，
如：the English Channel 英吉利海峡; the Panama Canal 巴拿马运河; the Suez Canal 苏伊士运河
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