1. family and relatives 家庭和亲戚 2. a family tree 一个家谱
3. grandsons and granddaughters 孙子和孙女们/外孙和外孙女们 4. get a lot of presents 得到许多礼物 5. Happy Birthday (to sb.) ! 生日快乐！
6. get a birthday card from sb. 从某人那儿得到一张生日卡 7. one of my family members 我的家庭成员之一 8. only have one aunt 仅仅有一个阿姨 9. my classmates 我的同班同学 10. go shopping 去购物 11. what else 其他什么 12. play badminton 打羽毛球 13. go cycling 去骑自行车 14. go swimming 去游泳
15. two cousins 两个堂/表兄弟/妹 16. how many + 名词复数 多少…… 用所给单词的适当形式填空） 1. My father often goes (cycle) on weekends. (son).
2. This is my grandmother. I am her 3. Linda (usual) has bread for her breakfast. (build) in Garden City. to you first. (I)
4. There are many tall 5. Let say something about 6. I like to go me.
7. She is always (shop) with mum and she always buys something for
(friend) to other people.
8. The Smiths are going to visit 9. There are twelve
(they) friends in America.
(member) in my family.
(I) parents.
10. I usually go to the park with 语言点
1. 介绍 This is....../These are......这是....../这些是...... This is my grandfather.这是我的（外）祖父。
These are my family and relatives.这些是我的家人和亲戚。 注意句中各成分保持单复数同形。
2. I‟m their son.. 我是他们的儿子。 We‟re their sons.我们是他们的儿子。 3. 询问信息
Who is this?/Who are these?这是谁？/这些是谁？ How old is......? ......几岁？
A：How many......have you got?你有多少......?
B：I have got ...... / I have only got one......我有....../我只有一个...... A：What do you usually do with your......?你通常和你的......做......?
B：I always/usually/sometimes/never do sth. with my......我总是/通常/有时候/从不和我的...做...
How many uncles do you have?你有多少个叔叔？ How many后面接可数名词的复数形式。
4. What do you do with your…?你和你的„干什么？ 5. What else do you do with your„?你和你的„还干什么？ 6. What else do you do with your„?你和你的„还干什么？ With是个介词，后面接人称代词时，要用宾格的形式。 With me/him/her/it/us /them
7. always/sometimes/usually是频度副词，提问应该要用How often„?
通常情况下常用于一般现在时态的句子中，表示经常发生的习惯性动作或自然现象或事实。always表示动作的重复频率最高，usually其次，sometimes再次，never表示动作从未发生。
I often tell him about school.我经常告诉他关于学校的事。 I never show them my homework.我从未给他们看我的家庭作业。 how often 与 how many times how often 提问“频率次数+时间范围” how many times 提问“频率次数”
e.g. —How often do you exercise? —Twice a week.
—How many times have you been there? —Twice.
（时态填空） 1. John never 2. They 3. Sue (do) the cooking at home. (not eat) the traditional food in China.
(go) abroad after leaving school next year.
(visit) our school yesterday.
4. The famous singer 5. The children 6. It never 7. (fly) the kites in the park now.
(rain) in winter in Shanghai.
(play) football with your friends?
you often 8.形容词比较级的用法：
Your brother looks shorter than you.你的兄弟看上去比你矮。
Your uncle looks older than mine.你的叔叔看上去比我的叔叔年纪大。 9. look（连系动词）+ adj. “看起来......” Jim looks happy today. （按要求改写句子）
1. I have got one aunt. (对划线部分提问)
2. I usually go shopping with my aunt. (对划线部分提问)
3. This is my friend. (改为复数句)
4. My grandparents live in a small village. (对划线部分提问)
5. I have something important to tell you. （改为否定句）
6. I’ve got two cousins and one sister. (对划线部分提问)
7. Ruby lives with her grandmother. (对划线部分提问)
8. Jack comes from America. （改为反义疑问句）
9. I enjoy reading very much. My cousin enjoys reading very much, too. （合并成一句）
10. I usually watch TV at night. (对划线部分提问)
Unit2 I have a good friend I 词组:
1. talk to her: 和她谈话 2. not…at all：一点也不，根本不 3. go out at night：晚上出去 4. like to be together：喜欢在一起 5. walk to school：步行上学 6. help each other：互相帮助 7. help other people：帮助别人 8. work hard学习努力 9. get angry生气
10. share her food with me和我分享她的食物 11. tell lies撒谎
12. live in the USA住在美国 13. for the first time第一次 14. on Saturday在周六
15. Friends of the Earth地球之友 16. look after the environment保护环境 17. pollute the environment污染环境
18. help keep the environment clean：帮助保持环境整洁
19. pick up rubbish捡起垃圾
20. put rubbish into rubbish bins把垃圾扔到垃圾箱里 21. tell people not to leave rubbish告诉人们不要丢垃圾 用所给词的适当形式填空（12%）
1. There are lots of children at _______ (Ben) birthday party. 2. Look ! Yang Ling ___________(draw) a picture. 3. Can you____________ (make) a model plane for me ? Yes, I _______________(make) a model plane now. 4. There _____(be) lots of public signs in the park. 5. Ben ______(take) a walk with her mother now 6. Jack often ____ (ask) his cousin many _____ (question) 7.He is giving Ben some ________ (cartoon). 8.It is the _______ (five) of October.
9.We often _______(buy) fruit at the supermarket. 10.My birthday’s coming. Let’s_______(have) a party. II. 词性转换:
1.friend n. 朋友 friendly adj. 友好的 * friendship n.友谊 2.help n./v.帮助 helpful adj.有帮助的 * helpless adj.无帮助的 3.one的序数词 first
4.pollute v. 污染 pollution n.污染 5.discuss v. 讨论 *discussion n. 讨论
6.use n.用法，用处 v.使用 useful adj.有用的 * reuse v. 再利用 用括号里所给词的正确形式填空。
1. The traffic _____(be) very heavy and the streets are ________(crowd). 2. I can’t _______(wait) to get back home and see all my _______(friend). 3. This is not _____(I) shirt. It’s ______(he).
4. I _______ __________ (enjoy oneself) in the part yesterday. 5. The shop _______ (sell) many things. III. 语言点/句型
1. I always talk to her. 和某人谈话：talk to sb. 谈论某事：talk about sth. 和某人谈论某事：talk to sb. about sth. *和某人交谈：talk with sb. e.g. Now my teacher is talking to Alice. Let’s talk about our plan for the trip. We can talk to our parents about the problem. *My uncle is very funny. I like to talk with him.
2.But she doesn’t talk at all. not…at all: 一点也不 Not at all: 不用谢，没关系 e.g. 1) It isn’t clean at all.
2)—Thank you very much. —Not at all. 3. She likes to play. They like to be together.
喜欢做某事：like to do sth.= like doing sth.
e.g. He doesn’t like smoking.= He doesn’t like to smoke. 4.She can’t read or write.
肯定句中连接并列成分的and 变为否定句, 要改成or e.g. She can sing and dance. 否定句：She can’t sing or dance. 5.They walk to school together.
步行上学：walk to school = go to school on foot
e.g. Ben walks to school every day.= Ben goes to school on foot every day. 6.She always shares her food with me.
和某人分享某物：share sth. with sb. e.g. Kitty shares a room with her sister. I like to share the good time with my good friends.
7.They help each other. 互相帮助：help each other 相爱：love each other 互相学习：learn from each other e.g. My father and mother love each other.
We should help each other and learn from each other.
8. She always works hard. 努力工作：work hard= be hardworking e.g. My teacher always works hard. =My teacher is always hardworking. 9.She never tells lies. 撒谎：tell a lie = tell lies
e.g. Tom isn’t honest. He usually tells lies.=He usually tells a lie. 10.Kitty’s cousin lives in the USA. 居住在某地：live in sp. 美国：the USA=America
e.g. She lives in Rose Garden Estate.
11.Kitty and Alice are asking Winne about where she has been in Garden City. 向某人询问某事：ask sb. about sth. e.g. Don’t ask me about my salary. 12.I’m going there on Saturday. 在星期几和具体日期前要用介词 on e.g. Let’s go to have a barbecue on Sunday.
13.Kitty: Have you been to Ocean Park yet, Winne? Winne:No, I haven’t been to Ocean Park yet. Alice:Have you been to Garden City Zoo yet? Winne: Yes, I’ve just been to Garden City Zoo.
Kitty: Have you been to North City Park yet? Winne:Yes, I’ve already been there. have/has been to sp. 去过某地
1).经常和already(已经)，just（刚），yet（还）连用
already：“已经”，用于肯定句中（have/has之后） just: “刚”，用于肯定句（have/has之后）
yet:“尚，还”，用于否定句和一般疑问句句末 2).否定式：haven’t /hasn’t been to sp. 一般疑问式：直接将have/ has 提到句首 回答：Yes, …have/has. No, …haven’t/hasn’t. 3).当sp.是here, there 或home时，to 要省略
e.g. I have already been to Beijing. I haven’t been to Beijing yet. Have you been to Beijing yet? No, I haven’t been there. 句型转换
1. He has already gone home.
He _________ __________ home ____________. (否定句) ____________ he __________ home ___________? (一般疑问句) 2. He has lunch at home.
He __________ _____________ lunch at home. (否定句) ____________ he __________ lunch at home? (一般疑问句) 3. He has been there twice.
__________ __________ ________ __________ he been there? (划线提问) 4. I have lunch at school.
__________ __________ you ____________ lunch? (划线提问)
14.What about Water World?
What about…? 经常用于表示征求建议，表示“…怎么样？”“…呢？” 用法： what about+ n./ V.ing = How about + n. / V.ing e.g. What about a trip to City Park? =How about a trip to City Park? What about going to City Park? =How about going to City Park? 15.Friends of the Earth look after the environment. 照顾，照看：look after=take care of
好好照顾某人：look after sb. well = take good care of sb. 16.Friends of the Earth help keep the environment clean. 帮助某人做某事：help sb. (to) do sth.= help sb. with sth.
e.g.He helps me (to) learn English. =He helps me with my English. 17.They put rubbish into rubbish bins and tell people not to leave rubbish. 告诉某人做某事：tell sb. to do sth. 告诉某人不要做某事：tell sb. not to do sth. e.g.The teacher tells us not to tell lies.
The teacher tells us to listen carefully in class.
18.What do you promise todo? What do you promise not to do? I promise to keep our school clean. I promise not to leave rubbish. 承诺做某事：promise to do sth. 承诺不要做某事：promise not to do sth
. e.g. My father promises not to smoke. We promise to obey the rules.
19.Discuss it with your classmates. 和某人讨论某事：discuss sth.with sb.
e.g. I always discuss the maths problems with my classmates. (根据要求改写句子)
1．Alice and Kitty like to help each other.（划线提问） What Alice and Kitty like to ？
11. We need clean water to drink every day. （划线提问） of water do you need to drink every day?
12. They went to Beijing to visit the Great Wall last month. （划线提问） When they to Beijing to visit the Great Wall? 13. I usually go shopping with my aunt. (划线提问)
14. Mary and Lucy are my good friends.（改为一般疑问句）
15. Peter often helps in the house at the weekend.（改为一般疑问句）
16. Kitty is friendly and kind. (划线提问) do you Kitty? Unit 3 Spending a day out together
1. spend a day out together 一起在外度过一天. spend v. 花费
spending n. 开销，花费 spend a day out 花一天时间外出
2. on Green Island 在绿岛上 island n. 岛屿 on Lucky Island 在幸运岛上lucky a. 幸运的
luck n.运气 luckily ad. 幸运地 unlucky a. 不幸的3. in Happy Town 在快乐城
unluckily ad.不幸地
4. in Dragon Bay 在龙湾 bay n. 海湾 dragon n. 龙 dragon boat 龙舟
5. on Lucky Island / in Sandy Bay / in Happy Town/ at the seaside 不同的地点前使用不同的介词
6. at weekends = at the weekend = on Saturday or Sunday 在周末
weekend n. 周末 weekday n.工作日 at weekends在周末 on weekdays在工作日 7. be near sp. 离开某地近的
8. be far (away) from sp 离开某地远的 9. Seaside Town 海边镇 seaside n. 海滨
seashore n. 海岸，海滨
10. a photo of my family and me 一张我家人和我的照片 11. have lunch together 一起吃午饭 12. Green Market 格林市场 13. In Sunny Town 在太阳城
14. Space Museum 太空博物馆 space n. 空间15. In Moon Town 在月亮城 16. an activity 一项活动
activity n. 活动
act n./v.行为，活动 actor n. 男演员
actress n. 女演员
spacious a. 宽敞的
17. have a barbecue 进行一次烧烤 18. fly kites 放风筝 19. ride bicycles 骑自行车
20. make sandcastles 筑沙堡
21. collect shells 收集贝壳 collect v. 收集
collection n.收集，收集的东西
photo album 相册
22. make an album 制作一本照片簿 album n. 相册，唱片23. plan to do sth. 计划做某事 24. a good idea 一个好主意 25. which place 哪一个地方 26. plan a trip 计划一次旅行
27. How about… ……怎么样？（常用于表示建议或提议）28. be going to + v. 打算做…
29. a.m. = in the morning p.m. = in the afternoon 所给词适当形式填空：
1. The sign means you shouldn’t ____________here. (smoke)
2. My cousin is very young, she often ______________ a lot of questions to talk. (have)
3. Now let’s read Unit ___________ together. (three)
4. Can you see the sign ? Yes, I think it means” No __________. (swim) 5. What _______ Jack ________ now? He ____________ his brother some questions. (ask)
6. My grandpa __________ a walk with his dog after supper every day. (take) 7. Who _________ you Chinese lessons? （teach） 8. I want _________computer games now. ( play)
重点词汇和短语：
1. plan to do sth 计划去做某事，与be going to do sth 的意思相近
e.g. I plan to visit my grandma this Sunday = I am going to visit my grandma.
我打算这个星期天去看望我的外婆。
主语 + be going to + 动词原形=主语+ will+ 动词原形，表示一般将来时 e.g. I am going to collect shells. I will collect shells. He is going to make sandcastles. He will make sandcastles We are going to fly kites. We will fly kites. 2. near/ far away from离„.近/远
near + 地点 far away from + 地点（不要遗漏介词 from ） (be) near = (be) close to 在 … 附近 (be) far away from = (be) far from 远离… 3. Where have you been in„.?你去了„.哪个地方？ I have been to„.in /on„ 我去了„.
Where have you been in Shanghai?你到过上海哪里？
I have been to Century Park in Shanghai.我到过上海的世纪公园。 4. let sb do sth 让某人做某事
e.g. Let’s play a game. 让我们玩个游戏 let him do his homework 让他做作业 5. by + 交通工具 = take a + 交通工具，对交通方式提问用How by bus = take a bus 坐汽车
6. a photo of … 一张…的照片 a photo of me 一张我的照片 a photo of my brother and me 一张我哥和我的照片。
a photo of后接人称代词时，应该用宾格形式a photo of me/him/her/it/us /them
a map of …一张…的地图 (of 后接宾格) e.g. a map of China 一张中国的地图
7. 主语 + be动词( am/is/ are) + 动词ing, 表示现在进行时 e.g. I am singing. / She is singing. / They are singing.
8.1） cost以物作主语，通常是问价钱 cost n. 花费 cost v. 花费 e.g. It costs about 600 yuan. 大概600元。
The cost of the bag is 450 yuan. 这个包的价格是450元。 2）take以it作主语。通常是花费时间 It takes me 15 minutes to go to school.
3） spend 以人作主语，既可以是花费金钱，也可以是花费时间。 spend time/money on sth. spend time/money in doing sth. I spend two yuan on this pen.=I spend two yuan in buying this pen.
Boys spend a lot of time in playing computer games. 男孩花很多时间玩电脑游戏。
I spent 5 dollars on the ice-cream. 我花五元钱买了冰激凌。 9. Which place shall we visit?我们将参观哪个地方？ 10.When are we going to come back?我们将什么时候回来？ Come back回来 Be going to 表将来be going to=will What time 提问确切时间；When 提问的时间范围更广 11. How are we going to get there?我们将怎样到达哪里？ How对交通工具进行提 问。回答可以用by bus/ car„/ on foot
12. How much does it cost?它花费多少钱？How much对价钱提问
13. How about …？ 怎么样？表示建议，提议。后面接名词或者动词的ing形式
解析：How about + n = What about+ n
How about + doing = What about+ doing 。 14. 表达提出建议的句型： Shall we +动原…? / Let’s +动原…
What about +v-ing…? / How about +v-ing…? 回答别人的提议常用：That’s a good idea / All right等 15. have / has been to和have / has gone to
解析：have / has been to 曾到过某地 （人回来了）
have / has gone to 去了某地 （人没有回来） 单选：
1. It’s time for class. We _____________ play the game. A. don’t B. shouldn’t C. can D. should 2. There are ________public signs in the park, but I don’t know _________about them.
A. a lot of , a lot of B. a lot, a lot C. a lot of , a lot D. a lot, a lot of
3. The park keeper __________ a sign beside the building. A. points in B. points with C. points to D. point to 4. ______ is the first day of a week.
A. Monday B. Sunday C. Saturday D. Tuesday
5. Mike would __________ some stamps _________ a birthday present. A. like, as B. want ,f or C. want, as D. like to, as 6. would you like to come to my birthday party?
A. Yes, I would B. No, I don’t C. Yes, I’d like to D. Yes, I’d like 7. I want some bread _________ breakfast. A. of B. for C. with D. have 8. Where’s _________- mobile phone?
A. you B. an C. the D. yours 二．句型转换：
1. Are, very, all , excited, students, the (连词成句) ______________________________________________. 2. The films were in the pocket. (划线提问) _______________________________________. 3. It was Sports Day at school. (否定句) __________________________________.
4. Liu Tao usually watches TV on Saturday. (一般疑问句) _________________________________________. 5. The bee was there a moment ago. (复数句) _________________________________________.
牛津上海版6AUnit1-3语法点讲解与练习教案
现在完成时
现在完成时的构成是： have/has +动词的过去分词。
have/has been to 去过，到过 (表示现在已经回来) have/has been in 住在 = have lived / stayed in have/has gone to 去，到….. (表示现在还没有回来) e.g. We have already been to Changfeng Park.
Have you been to …..yet? 你去过„..吗？
Yes, I have already/just been to…./been there. 是的，我已经去过了。 No, I haven‟t been to …/been there yet. 不，还没有去过。
already 已经(多用于肯定句，放于动词前) yet 迄今，还(多用于疑问句和否定句，放于句末) just 刚刚 (用法和位置和already相同) e.g. I have already been to Lily’s home.
Have you been to Lily’s home yet? I have lived in Shanghai for thirteen years.
No, I haven’t been to her home yet. live / stay …for…在…住/待…(时间)
for +一段时间，多与现在完成时连用表示动作从过去延续到现在的一段时间，并用how long提问。 (选择最恰当的答案)
( )1. I Shanghai for eight years. A. have been to B. have been in C. have gone to D. have gone in ( )2. What does ―U‖ in ―UFO‖ mean? A. the B. a C. an D. /
( )3. – Let’s go to swim together. -- . A. You’re welcome B. Thank you very much C. That sounds great D. It’s very kind of you ( )4. Would you like to orange juice? A. have some B. have any C. having some D. having any ( )5. We are going to home at 5 p.m. A. get to B. get C. arrive at D. arrive in
( )6. Tom will travel to the USA this summer holiday. A. in B. on C. at D. / 频度副词
always/sometimes/usually/never 是频度副词 ，提问应该要用How often„? 在句中的位置是：放在行为动词的前面，放在be动词的后面。也可以说“行前系后”。
E.g She is always kind.她总是很善良的。
She always helps other people.她总是帮助其他人。 不能出现这样的句子：She is always helps other people.(×)
一句话中不能同时出现两个动词。并且要注意主谓保持一致，尤其注意第三人称单数不可以忽略。 how often 与 how many times how often 提问“频率次数+时间范围” how many times 提问“频率次数”
e.g. —How often do you exercise? —Twice a week.
—How many times have you been there? —Twice.
交通工具
By bus/bike/car/underground/train/ferryride take a bus/bike/car/underground/train/ferry He goes to school by bus.=He takes a bus to school.
He goes to school by bike.=He rides his/a bike to school.=He cycles to school. 其他的交通工具都能用take来表示乘，但bike只能用ride a bike
on foot 步行 She goes to work on foot every day.=She walks to work every day. (根据要求改写句子)
1．Kitty is always quiet.（句子意思不变） Kitty is . 8. It’s about ten minutes’ walk from my school to my home. （划线提问） is it from my school to my home.? 9. They all like to go to the cinema. （句子意思不变） like to go to the cinema. 10. Alice got up early this morning to catch the first bus. (划线提问)
Peter often helps in the house at the weekend. (改为一般疑问句） 花钱花时间
cost以物作主语，通常是问价钱
Take以it作主语，通常是花费时间 It takes me 10 minutes to go to school. Spend 以人作主语，既可以是花费金钱，也可以是花费时间。 Spend time/money on sth. spend time/money in doing sth.
E.g I spend two yuan on this pen.=I spend two yuan in buying this pen.
It takes sb. some time to do sth. 花费某人多少时间做某事。
It takes me about fifteen minutes to go to school. 我去学校要花费15分钟。
How much does it cost?它花费多少钱？
How much was it?=How much did it cost?= What was the price of it? 它多少钱。 How long does it take you to get to„ 它花费你多长时间到达„ 填空：
8. John enjoys (collect) stamps. 9. How much money (do) this new shirt cost you? 8. Miss Guo goes shopping in (sand)Bay. 9. Let’s (spend) a day out together.
地点、方位表述
near 离„很近 后面直接接地点
I live near school.=My home is near school.我家离学校很近。 far away from=far from离„很远
He lives far away from school.=His home is far from school.他家离学校很远
get to “ 到达„ ” 表示“到达那里”只能说get there
He will arrive in Shanghai at two o‟clock. reach是个及物动词，后面直接接地点名词 I reach school / get to school
leave for 出发去……动身去…… leave A 离开A地 leave for B 出发去B地
e.g. He will leave Shanghai.
e.g. He will leave for Tokyo. e.g. He will leave Shanghai for Tokyo.
e.g. arrive in China /
leave A for B 离开A地去B地
arrive + in 大地方 (如国家、城市等范围较大的地方) Shanghai…
arrive + at 小地方 (如车站、学校等小范围的地方) airport / school... (选词填空)
e.g. arrive at the
1.We always go shopping at the (weekends, weekend). 2. He lives on the (ninth, nineth) floor. 3. (Monday, Sunday) is the first day of a week. 4. I have been (in, to) Shanghai for eight years.
Unit 4 What would you like to be? 1. different job 不同的职业 2. would like to be/become 想要成为…… 3. a secretary 一名秘书 4. a bank clerk 一个银行职员 5. a policewoman 一个女警察 6. a dentist 一名牙医
7. a pilot 一名飞行员 8. a fireman 一个消防队员 9. a postman 一名邮递员 10. a shop assistant 一个商店营业员 11. teach children English 教孩子们英语 12. make sick people better 使病人好转 13. drive a bus 驾驶一辆公交车 14. put out fires 扑灭火
15. cook food for people 为人们烧食物
16. make our city a safe place 使我们的城市（成为）一个安全的地方 17. interview sb. 采访某人 18. find out 查明；弄清（情况） 19. stark work 开始工作 20. finish work 结束工作
21. in the morning/afternoon/evening在早上/下午/晚上 22. Why not? 为什么不呢？
（用括号中所给汉语完成下列句子） 1. （你想要
当）a doctor when you grow up? 2. A fireman’s job is to （扑灭火） . （有病的孩子）
3. The businessman wants to help those 4. Kitty (已采访了) a pilot for her project.
5. The doctor often goes back home late
. （因为他很晚完成工作）
知识点归纳
1. would like to do/be=want to do/be 想要做/想要成为 (1) I would缩写为I'd； would not缩写为wouldn't，
例如， I would like to have coffee.我想要喝咖啡。 I would like fish.我想要鱼。 ---- Would you like to be a driver?你想成为一名司机吗？ ----Yes, I would./ No, I wouldn't.是的，我想。/不，我不想。 注意：like用作实意动词时翻译为“喜欢” 其用法是
like to do sth.
like doing sth.
like sth.
例如，He likes to draw. / He likes drawing.他喜欢画画。 2. spend (spent, spent)花费
spend (time/money) in doing sth.花费时间或金钱做某事，in可以省略 spend (time/money) on sth.花费时间或金钱在某事或某物上，on不可以省略， 例如，We often spend an hour (in) doing our homework. = We often spend an hour on our homework. 我们经常花费一小时做作业。
He spent 200 yuan on this coat yesterday. 3. --Why / Why not? 为什么？/为什么不？
--I would like to be a/an…, because… 我想成为...因为... --I wouldn’t like t be a/an…, because… 我不想成为...因为...
4. teach children English 教孩子英语
teach sb. sth. 双宾语结构，sb. 和 sth. 都是teach的宾语，sb. 是间接宾语，sth. 是直接宾语，
如果直接宾语在前，需要加上介词，要注意介词的搭配. 如：teach sth. to sb. 相同的结构还有， buy sb. sth. = buy sth. for sb. 给某人买某物 give sb. sth. = give sth. to sb. 给某人某物 show sb. sth. = show sth. to sb. 给某人看某物 【注】teach后跟人称代词，接宾格。 teach them/us/me/him/her English
5. make sick people better 这里的make表示使... 用法有：make+ sb. / sth. +adj. 使...怎么样 例： make our city beautiful make + sb./ sth. + n. 使...成为... make our city a safe place make + sb. / sth. + do sth. 使...做... make people save water
【注1】这里的better是well的比较级，well只有用于表示身体状况时作形容词，表示身体状况良好。 【注2】sick people 病人
6. want to make our city a safe place这里的safe是形容词，表示安全的。 动词save表示挽救，节省，如：save one’s life, save water 名词safety表示安全,
如：talk about the safety of students
7. put out fires 这里的put out表示扑灭，动词词组要注意辨析，要注意和put搭配的词组，也要注意和out搭配的词组。 如： put on/put up/put off/find out/take out/look out
8. 辨析find out与find，前者表示经过一番努力调查清楚、弄明白一件事情的真相，而后
者指找到、偶然发现、发觉。
9. She wants to find out if he likes his job. 这里的if表示是否，引导宾语从句。 【注】if也可表示如果，引导条件状语从句。 如：We will have a picnic if it is fine tomorrow. 10. interview sb. 采访某人 11. forty-two years old 42岁
【注】forty-two-year-old 42岁的，为形容词，不能用做表语 如：a seven-year-old boy 一个7岁的男孩 He is seven years old. 他七岁。
12. start work at half past eight in the morning
这里的start work是表示抽象意义上的开始工作，就是上班，所以work前不加冠词，且work为不可数名词。
a) 在表示具体时间前用at，如：at ten o’clock b) 表示在一天的上午，下午，傍晚前用in， 如：in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening c) 表示在中午或晚上用at：at noon, at night
d) 但是如果表示具体的某一天的上午或晚上要用on， 如：on the night of December 8, on a cold morning of October 13. start to do sth.=start doing sth. 开始做某事 如：My mother usually starts to cook food at five. 14. finish (doing) sth. 完成（做）某事
如：I have finished reading this book. 我已经读完这本书了。
（按要求改写句子）
1. Alice would like to be a pilot in the future.（改为否定句）
2. What’s his job? (保持句意基本不变)
3. A policeman’s job is to make the city a safe place. (保持句意基本不变) A policeman
4. My father always finishes work at 5:00 in the afternoon. (对划线部分提问)
the city .
Unit 5 Open Day 知识点
1. arrive at / arrive in / reach / get to 到达 arrive at后接小地方 arrive in 后接大地方 I arrive at school at 7:15.
He will arrive in Shanghai at two o’clock.
reach是个及物动词，后面直接接地点名词 I reach school at 7:15. I get to school at 7:15.
注意: get home, arrive there无介词
2.will / be going to 都是用来表将来的， 他们后面应该接动词的原形。 will是个情态动词，没有人称的变化. 常写成 ’ll + 动词原形 will not = won’t I’ll invite all of my friends.
He will arrive in Shanghai at two o’clock. I will meet them at the entrance. Your parents will arrive at two o’clock. 但是be going to有人称的变化. I am going to invite all of my friends. He is going to go fishing tomorrow. I am going to go fishing tomorrow. They are going to go fishing tomorrow.
3.look at 看； see 看见； listen to 听； hear 听见 4. Parent = father or mother parents = father and mother
5. two fifteen= a quarter past two 2:15 Three ten = ten past three 3:10 One thirty = half past one 1:30 two forty = twenty to three 2:40 6. on the tenth of September / on September the tenth 9月10日 日期表达：如1987年4月20日
英式的写法是20th April , 1987，读成the twentieth of April, nineteen eighty-seven；
美式的表达是April 20 , 1987， 则读成April the twentieth, nineteen eighty-seven。
7. want sb. to do sth. 想要某人做某事
I want you to read English everyday.我想要你们每天都读英语。 8. in the same place / in different places
9. invite 邀请（动词） invitation邀请 （名词）
invite sb to sp邀请某人去某地
She invites me to her birthday party.她邀请我去她的生日晚会。 10. 词性转换:
enter v. – entrance n, meet v. – meeting(s) n , invite v. – invitation n.
final a. – finally adv , act v. – action n. actor n. actress n. activity n. (activities) discuss v. – discussion n. , one n. pron. – once ad. n. first n. pron. a. ad. ones pl. art n. – artist n. , teach v. – teacher n. (teachers’ office) 重点 语法 1. 介词+ 时间： at + 具体时间点,
如at half past eleven(=at eleven thirty)；at night , at noon, at Christmas
in + 月/季节/年,
如in February, in autumn, in 2012; in the morning/afternoon/evening on + 具体的一天, 如on Thursday, on December 23rd; on Sunday morning
on the morning of June 1st, on Christmas Eve, on the Open Day etc.fr
om … to … 从…到…: e.g. from nine twenty to ten thirty-five 2. 不及物动词必须 + 介词 + 宾语
listen to me , arrive at the bus stop, look at the price, think about the question, etc. 3. 一般过去时:
动词过去式：规则动词+ed: e.g. played, planned, studied发音有/d/, /t/, /id/ 不规则动词:
meet – met , have/has – had , take – took , go – went , am/is – was are – were , do – did , speak – spoke , say – said , come – came , see – saw teach – taught , catch – caught , bring – brought , buy – bought , get – got tell – told , spend – spent , cost – cost , spread – spread , read – read , etc.
常见时间状语: yesterday, yesterday morning, last Friday, …ago, just now, etc. 4. 楼层表示法: on the +序数词+floor
on the ground floor, o n the first floor, on the fifteenth floor 常考序数
词: first, second, third, fourth, fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth, twentieth, fortieth, etc. 5. 系动词 + a. 构成系表结构
感官动词: look, sound, taste, smell, feel + nice/ terrible, etc. get angry, turn red, go wrong, stay healthy, become popular, etc.
（按要求改写句子）
1. We had tea and cakes in the music room. （改为否定句） We tea or cakes in the music room.
2. The boy wants to go swimming. (保持句意基本不变) The boy to go swimming.
3. They will visit the classroom next. (对划线部分提问)
will they next?
4. The teacher went upstairs to see the students’ dormitory. （改为否定句） The teacher upstairs to see the students’ dormitory.
Unit 6 Going to school
1. traveling time to school 去学校行走时间
travel to (Shanghai) = take a trip to (Shanghai) 到某地旅行 2. go travel(l)ing = go on a trip 去旅行
go travelling go shopping go swimming go to different places 3. It takes him about ten minutes. 他花大约十分钟。
4. in the housing estate/ post office/ police station 在居民区/邮局/警察局 5. go to sp. by ferry 乘渡船去某地
6. go to school on foot=walk to school 步行去学校 7. how long 多久 8. get to sp. 到达某地
9. get to the supermarket 到达超市 10. get there/here/home 到达那儿/这儿/家里 11. a restaurant 一个饭店 12. a hotel 一个旅馆
13. an advertisement board 一块广告牌 on the advertisement board 在广告牌上 14. a few + c.n. 几个；一些（后跟可数名词复数） a little 一点(修饰不可数名词)
some shops= a few shops some bread= a little bread
15. a lot of + c.n. & u.n. 许多（后跟可数名词复数或不可数名词） a lot of people=many people a lot of bread=much bread 16. on one’s way to school 在某人去某地的路上 on one’s way home 在某人回家的路上 17. a traffic jam 交通拥堵,交通堵塞 18. by ferry / light rail 坐渡轮/轻轨 19. department stores 百货商店 20. go to kindergarten 上幼儿园 21. a swimming pool 游泳池 22. How does Simon go to school? He goes to school by…., then…
23. when I’m on the bus when 当……时候
when I’m walking to school=on my way to school 24. forty minutes’ walk 40 分的步行路程（用how far提问）
25. talk with sb. about sth. 和某人谈论关于某事
（用括号中所给汉语完成下列句子） 1.Do you 2.Who （乘地铁上学）every day? (花最多的时间)traveling to school or
work in your family? 3.What does he see 4.Her flat is 5. (在他的上学路上)every day?.
（离超市不远）.
（有时他花将近一个小时）to read in the library.
语言点
1. It takes sb. some time to do sth. 花费某人多少时间做某事。
It takes me about fifteen minutes to go to school. 我去学校要花费15分钟。 我到学校花了半小时。
陈述句：It takes me half an hour to go to school. (take) I spend half an hour going to school. (spend)
疑问句：Does it take you half an hour to go to school? (take)
Do you spend half an hour going to school? (spend)
2. how long
It takes me about twenty minutes to get to school.(划线提问) -- How long does it take you to get to school? It took me about ten minutes to get to the supermarket . --How long did it take you to get to the supermarket?
The bridge is about 2000 meters long. 这个桥大约有2000米长。 -- How long is the bridge? 这个桥有多长？
2. near 离„很近 后面直接接地点
I live near school.=My home is near school.我家离学校很近。 3. far away from=far from离„很远
He lives far away from school.=His home is far from school.他家离学校很远 4. by bus /car/underground/train/ferry , by bike
其他的交通工具都能用take来表示乘， 但bike只能用ride take a bus/car/underground/train/ferry , ride a bike He goes to school by bus.=He takes a bus to school.
He goes to school by bike.=He rides his/a bike to school.=He cycles to school. 对划线部分提问：How does he go to school?
5.on foot She goes to work on foot every day.=She walks to work every day. 6.half an hour 半小时 half an hour=30 minutes
one and a half hours=one hour and a half =an hour and a half一个半小时 请写一写：两个半小时
7.four—fourth, forty--fortieth on the fourth floor on the twentieth floor
（按要求改写句子）
1. My brother spends 30 minutes traveling to school every day.(保持句意基本不变) My brother spends traveling to school every day. 2. I go to school by bus. (保持句意基本不变) I a bus to school. 3. It’s dangerous. Don’t climb so high in the tree .(保持句意基本不变) It’s dangerous. climb so high in the tree. 4. It takes me only ten minutes to get to school .(对划线部分提问)
does it take you to get to school .
牛津上海版6AUnit4-6语法点讲解与练习教案
时态填空
(一) 常用固定词组： A型. doing
like doing/ love doing/ enjoy doing 喜欢做某事 hate doing 讨厌做某事 finish doing 完成做某事 practise doing 练习作某事
start doing / begin doing 开始做某事
What about doing…? / How about doing…? 做某事怎么样？ be good at doing 善于做某事 be poor at doing 不善于做某事
Sb. spend(s) some time doing sth. 某人花时间做某事 remember doing 记住做过某事 forget doing 忘记做过某事
see sb. doing 看见某人正在做 B型. to do
would like to do / want to do 想要做某事 forget to do 忘记要做某事 remember to do 记得要做某事 have/has to do不得不做某事 had to do不得不做某事 will have to do 将不得不做某事 plan to do 计划做某事
One's job is / was to do... 某人的工作是做某事
like to do/love to do 喜欢做某事 start to do / begin to do 开始做某事 need to do 需要做某事
don’t need to do/ don’t have to do 不需要做某事 learn to do 学习做某事
promise to do / promise not to do 保证做某事/保证不做某事 tell sb. to do / tell sb. not to do 告诉某人做某事/告诉某人不做某事 ask sb. to do / ask sb. not to do 叫某人做某事/叫某人不做某事 It takes/took sb. some time to do sth.某人花时间做某事 It’s time to do sth. 做某事的时间到了 C型. do
Let sb. do 让某人做 help sb. (to) do 帮助某人做 Why not do...? 为何不做......？X K 情态动词+do 词性转换：
1. It's often __________(rain) in spring here.
2. Sometimes people __________ (pollution) the Earth and leave rubbish everywhere.
3. Some people think \"13\" is an __________ number. (luck)
4. Tony wants to have two __________ (secret) to help him with the work. 5. Some people don't throw rubbish in the bin. They are _________ the earth. (pollution)
6. We promise _________ (plant) more trees and flowers to make our environment beautiful.
7. The boys are going out of the classroom _________ (quick).
8. I want _________ (be) a policeman when I grow up. 9. Why not use your dictionary? It's very _________ (help). 10. I like to eat some rice and a lot of _______ (boil) vegetables. 11. How many _______ have you got? (potato)
12. Excuse me, but where is the _______ (enter) of the hall? 13. There is so much noise _______ (pollute) to live near the airport. 14. Please don't talk _______ (loud) in the meeting room.
15. Tomorrow will be Lucy's birthday. Have you got her _______ (invite), Alice? 16. Sam has a good diet now. He is _______ (healthy) than before. 17. It’s raining outside. How about _________ books now? (read)
18. We learn something about the air ___________ from the books. (pollute) 19. Our teachers are very _________ to us, so we like them very much. (friend) 20. The two __________ from America will visit our school next week. (family) 时间表达方式
on the tenth of September / on September tenth 9月10日 two fifteen = a quarter past two 2:15 Three ten = ten past three 3:10 One thirty = half past one 1:30 two forty = twenty to three 2:40
half an hour = 30 minutes 用了half an hour后面就不能再有minutes one and a half hours=one hour and a half 一个半小时 One hour and twenty minutes 一小时二十分钟 a.m./p.m.分别表示上午和下午。
First,…/Next,…/Then…/After that,…/Finally,…
Finally = at last = in the end 时间状语从句 …when… 当...的时候
引导时间状语从句，表示一个动作与另一个动作同一时间发生，或一个动作在另一个动作所延续的范围之内发生。主从句时态要一致。当主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时代替将来时。
What can you see when there is a typhoon? 当有台风时，你能看见什么？ When it doesn’t rain tomorrow, I will go out for a walk. 当明天天气不下雨时，我将出去散步。 交通工具
By bus/bike/car/underground/train/ferryride take a bus/bike/car/underground/train/ferry He goes to school by bus.=He takes a bus to school.
He goes to school by bike.=He rides his/a bike to school.=He cycles to school. 其他的交通工具都能用take来表示乘，但bike只能用ride a bike花钱花时间 cost以物作主语，通常是问价钱
Take以it作主语，通常是花费时间 It takes me 10 minutes to go to school. Spend 以人作主语，既可以是花费金钱，也可以是花费时间。 Spend time/money on sth. spend time/money in doing sth.
E.g I spend two yuan on this pen.=I spend two yuan in buying this pen. It takes sb. some time to do sth. 花费某人多少时间做某事。
It takes me about fifteen minutes to go to school. 我去学校要花费15分钟。 How much does it cost?它花费多少钱？
How much was it?=How much did it cost?= What was the price of it? 它多少钱。
How long does it take you to get to„ 它花费你多长时间到达„
on foot 步行 She goes to work on foot every day.=She walks to work every day.
用正确的介词填空：
1. We are shopping together_________ them.
2. When does your uncle usually do __________ weekends? 3. Here are some pictures __________ our school.
4. Write _________ your family_________ school__________ home. 5. Please be sure to come back ____________ two hours. 6. Here is a place________ Garden City.
7. ________ Monday mornings we have four lessons. 8. Let’s share the room __________ each other. 9. We shouldn’t have pollution__________ us. 5按要求改写句子。
1）I usually go shopping at weekends . (划线提问) 2）I’ve been to Seaside Town on Lucky Island in Garden City. (划线提问) 3) We are shopping at Green Market in Sunny Town. (划线提问) 4) We are going to Ocean Park in Spring Bay . are you going in Spring Bay ? 5) We are going to Ocean Park in Spring Bay at ten o’clock . (划线提问) are you going to Ocean Park in Spring Bay? 6) We are going to come back at six o’clock. (划线提问)
are you going to come back ? 7) We are going to Ocean Park by bus . (划线提问) are you going to Ocean Park ? 8) My sister and I are eating ice cream together . (划线提问) are you and your sister together ? 9).I have already been to Sanya.(改为一般疑问句) _____ you _____ Sanya _____? 10).Mary works very hard.(句意保持不变) Mary _____ very ______.
牛津上海版6A期中知识点及语法点讲解及练习教案
Unit1:
形容词比较级最高级
<一>规则变化
A. 单音节和不可拆双音节形容词 1．以e结尾+r / st
huge-huger/hugest large- larger- largest safe- safer- safest
2．辅音字母+y结尾：去y + ier / iest heavy-heavier-heaviest dirty- dirtier- dirtiest happy-happier-happiest early-earlier-earliest
friendly-friendlier-friendliest angry-angrier-angriest healthy-healthier-healthiest easy-easier-easiest
3．重读闭音节,以一个元音字母加一个辅音字母结尾:双写辅音字母+ er，est big-bigger- biggest fat- fatter- fattest thin- thinner- thinnest hot- hotter- hottest wet- wetter- wettest red- redder- reddest
4．直接+ er/est
strong young old clever
B. 部分双音节形容词, 多音节形容词
famous- more famous- the most famous modern – more modern – the most modern careful- more careful- the most careful beautiful-more beautiful-the most beautiful expensive – more expensive (less expensive)- the most expensive interesting- more interesting- the most interesting <二>不规则变化
good/well-better –best bad/badly/ill-worse-worst little-less-least + u. n. (few-fewer-fewest) + c. n. many/much-more –most far-farther-farthest (距离)（程度） <三>程度副词much用来修饰形容词比较级
cheap（便宜的），cheaper（更便宜） good fast tall beautiful <四>too, very, quite, so, as…as，not as /so…as, less …修饰形容词原级 very/quite tall（很高），
too tall（太高）新 课 标 第 一 网 so tall（如此高） as tall as(与某人一样高)
not as tall as /not so tall as（不如某人高）= less tall
better faster taller more beautiful much cheaper（便宜得多）, much better much faster much taller much more beautiful 注意事项：
1、形容词最高级前必须加the；副词最高级前可加the，也可不加the e.g. the biggest cities；draw (the) best 2、much可修饰比较级：……得多 e.g. much taller ……高得多
3、原级标志：very非常；too太；quite相当；（not）as+原级+as （不）像……一样；less+原级 不如……；so如此（共五个） Unit2
1. already, just和yet的用法：
时间副词：already（已经），just（刚刚），yet（还）
already和just用于肯定句，置于句中、句尾皆可，yet用于否定句和疑问句中，通常放在句尾。常用在现在完成时态中，现在完成时表示过去发生的事情对现在造成的影响，其基本形式：have/has + 过去分词。例如，
Have you been to the Ocean park yet, Winnie?温妮，你曾经去过海洋公园吗？ No, I haven't been there yet.不，我还没去过那里。 Yes, I've already been there.是的，我已经去过那里。
Yes, I've just been to the Ocean Park.是的，我刚刚去过海洋公园。 have been to......和have been there的区别
have been to后跟表示地点的名词，而have been there中there是表示地点的副词，后面不能再跟地点。例如，
I have already been to Shanghai Museum.我已经去过上海博物馆。
Orient Pearl TV Tower is one of the tallest towers in the world.I have already been there.东方明珠电视塔是世界上最高的塔之一。我已经去过那里。 2.表示承诺
We promise to do......我们承诺做...... Unit3:
注意：home, here, there等地点副词前不加to，例如，
arrive home到家，arrive at school到学校，come here到这里，come to my office到我办公室
(1) have a good time = enjoy oneself = enjoy one’s time玩得愉快
(2) forget to do sth.忘记要去做某事；forget doing sth.忘记曾经做过某事，例如， Don’t forget to turn off the lights when you leave the classroom.当你离开教室的时候不要忘记把灯关上。
I forget meeting you a year ago.我忘记了一年前曾经遇见过你。 (4)征求对方意见
What/How about (doing) sth.? （做）……怎么样？ Unit4:
(1)would (not) like to be/do表达愿望，表示（不）想做某事。（相当于want to be/do，是较为婉转的表示法.)
I would缩写为I'd；would not缩写为wouldn't，例如， I would like to have coffee.我想要喝咖啡。 I would like fish.我想要鱼。 ----
Would you like to be a driver?你想成为一名司机吗？
----Yes, I would./ No, I wouldn't.是的，我想。/不，我不想。
注意：like用作动词时翻译为“喜欢”，其用法是 like to do sth. like doing sth. like sth.
例如，He likes to draw. / He likes drawing.他喜欢画画。 (2)spend (spent, spent)花费
❖ spend (time/money) in doing sth.花费时间或金钱做某事，in可以省略 ❖ spend (time/money) on sth.花费时间或金钱在某事或某物上，on不可以省略，例如，We often spend an hour (in) doing our homework. = We often spend an hour on our homework.我们经常花费一小时做作业。 He spent 200 yuan on this coat yesterday. (3)用because原因状语从句来说明理由。 because“因为”，提问要用why，例如， ----Why would you like to be a teacher?
----I would like to be a teacher because I want to teach children. 选择：
1.Mum spends one hour ____ food every day. A.to cook B.cook C.cooking D.cooked
2.There is ____ information board in our school.We can get some information about our school from it. A.an B.one C.the D./
3.Canada is ____ the United States, but China is ____ it. A.far away from, near B.near, far away from
C.near, away from D.away from, near 4.----What are the foreigners doing now, Grace? ----They're listening to our school ____ in the hall. A.choir B.project C.club D.information board
5.Alice ____ near school, so she ____ to school every day. A.lives, walk B.live, walks C.lives, walks D.is living, walk Unit5:
6. 一般在基数词后面加th构成序数词，但有些词有特殊变化，例如， one→first, two→second, three→third, five→fifth, eight→eighth, nine→ninth, twelve→twelfth
20至90这样的整十数字变为序数词时，只需把词尾的字母y改为ie, 再加th即可，例如，twenty→twentieth；在表达第几十几，第几百几时，只需将个位改为序数词即可，例如，twenty-two→twenty-second 7. 序数词总是和定冠词the连用。例如， the first lesson Unit6:
When作为连词的用法，表示“当……的时候”。when在这里不是疑问副词（什么时候），而是一个连词，它所引导的是一个时间状语从句，充当句子的时间状语。在when引导的时间状语从句中，要注意前后动词时态的匹配一致性。例如， I see some restaurants, a few shops and a lot of people when I’m on the bus. It was raining heavily when school was over yesterday. I got angry when I heard the news.
She wants to be a teacher when she grows up. 3. 介词（prep）的使用
in 表示“在……里面”， in the classroom/library/park on表示“在……上面”， on the road (但是in the street)， across表示“从（某物）的一边到另一边”
across, over和through的区别，across 和over都表示从一侧向另一侧的运动。如果穿过的是一个平面，用across。如果越过的事一个高的物体，是over。如果是从物体内部穿过，就要用介词through了。 例句：Let’s help the old women walk across the street. The dog jumped over the fence to get its food.
Water flows through this pipe.
（按要求改写下列句子）
1.Give some berries to your sister, please.（改为否定句） ______ give ______ berries to your sister,please.
2.I am going to stay in Guangzhou for a month.（对划线部分提问） ______ ______ are you going to stay in Beijing?
3.We cook with gas and electricity in the cities.（对划线部分提问） ______ do you ______ with in the cities?
4.They had a meeting last week.（改为一般疑问句） ______ they ______ a meeting last week?
5.Yesterday he spent ten yuan on this book.（对划线部分提问）
______ ______ ______ he ______ on this book yesterday? Unit 7 Rules round us
1. rules and signs 规则和标记 rules round us=rules around us have rules in the classroom 在教室里有规则 have rules in the park have rules on the road 在马路上有规则 have rules in the library 2. must do 必须做 must keep quiet 必须保持安静
must not do sth.= mustn’t do sth. 不准；禁止做 mustn’t leave rubbish We must not walk on the grass. = Don’t walk on the grass. We must not play basketball. = Don’t play basketball. 3. wait for 等候 wait for the green man man---men 4. walk on the grass 走在草地上 5. listen to the teachers 听老师
6. run across the road 跑过马路 run across the road=cross the road 7. in the shopping center8. enter the centre 进入中心 enter=go into=come into, entrance, at the entrance 8. climb the trees 爬树
9.talk loudly 大声交谈 mustn’t talk loudly t = must keep quiet 10.turn left/right 向左/右转.
11.a lift 一部电梯 an escalator 一部自动扶
12.on the left 在左边 on the right在右边 the one on the left/right 在左边的/右边的一个 the one in the middle 在中间的一个
12. go upstairs 上楼 come upstairs, go downstairs下楼 come downstairs 13. an exit 一个出口
14. chase each other 互相追逐 chase each other=run after each other, 15. keep class rules 遵守班级规则 break class rules 违反班级规则 16. look at the photo of my father and me photo—photos, 17.a friend of mine=one of my friends
用所给词的适当形式填空。
1. Our teacher ___________(let) us read the passage by ourselves. 2. We must not __________(turn) left when we see this sign. 3. We promise ___________(not pollute) the environment. 4. I can see several __________(sheep) on the hill.
5. Mary always _________(wash) _________(dish) at home. 6. Tom ____________(buy) some fruit this afternoon.
语言点
1. in the library/in the classroom/in the park / on the road在路上 2. We must not walk on the grass.我们不可以在草地上行走。
We must keep quiet.我们必须保持安静。 We must keep quiet.=Keep quiet. must 意为“必须”表示很重要或必要。 must not意为“不准”，表示不允许或禁止 must是个情态动词，后面接动词原形。 3. be kind to others=be friendly to others 4. teach us English, teach them Maths
5.We mustn‟t eat or drink. or用于否定句中表示“并列”。 and用于肯定句中表示“并列”。
6.Don‟t talk loudly.=We mustn‟t talk loudly. Don‟t不得，不要。该句为祈使句的否定形式。 Don‟t后面接动词原形。 talk loudly 副词修饰动词
7.What does this sign mean?这个标志意味着什么？ mean v. meaning n. What does this sign mean?=what is the meaning of this sign? ** eg. Do you know the meaning of this new word?
= Do you know what this new word means? What’s the Chinese meaning?
8.Where can we find it?我们在哪里能找到它？ We can find it in the library. 9.Which door must we use?我们必须要使用哪一扇门？
We must leave our bicycles on the right. ----Where must we leave our bicycles? We must use the door on the left.----Which door must we use?
We must use the escalator in the middle.---Which escalator must we use? 10.the one on the left/right 左边/右边的这个 the one in the middle 中间的这个 如果是介词短语修饰the one，应该要放在the one后面 ，
如果是形容词应放the one的中间the left/right one the middle one 11.find out查出，弄清
12. talk to sb. 对某人说，跟某人交谈。 talk about sb./sth.谈论关于某人/某事。 13. tell sb. to do sth.告诉某人去做某事 tell sb. not to do sth. 告诉某人不要做某事
It tells us to keep quiet.它告诉我们要保持安静。
It tells us not to talk loundly. 它告诉我们不要大声说话。 语法：
1. 情态动词和其他动词原形构成谓语, 否定式构成是在情态动词后加not。 情态动词：must， can, could，may, might,need,ought to/should e.g.肯定句：We must obey the traffic rules.
否定句：You must not/ mustn‟t chase each other in the classroom. 一般疑问句：Must they listen to the teacher in class? 肯（否）定回答：Yes, … must. No, … needn‟t.
2. 祈使句表示请求、要求、命令、等方面。祈使句肯定句用动词原形开头。
e.g. Be quick! Look out! 否定句：e.g. Don‟t play in the street.
No entry! Never talk to your parents like that!
3. 反意疑问句：
(1)祈使句： Open the window, will you? Don‟t turn left, will you?
Let me try, will you? Let‟s go home, shall we ?
(2)其他： A lot of students are playing football on the playground, aren’t they?
I haven’t got milk, have I?
4. keep + adj. 保持……（样的状态）如keep quiet = be quiet keep + sb./ sth. + adj. 保持某人（某物）……的状态, e.g. Let‟s keep the environment clean.
5. wait (v.) -- waiter (n.) , waitress (n.) wait for sb./sth. 等待某人/ 某物 6. cross (v.) across (prep.) cross the road on foot = walk across the road 7. enter (v.) = walk/go into --entrance (n.) ; exit(n)
8.loudly(adv.) loud(adj.) 比较级 more loudly , louder. e.g. talk loudly ; a loud noise 9. run (v.)-- runner (n.)
11.以元音因素开头（不一定是元音字母）的名词或字母前，用an表示“一……” an escalator, a lift, an hour, a useful dictionary, an honest girl, an exit, There is an „s‟ in the word “his”. There isn‟t a „u‟ in the word “downstairs”.
12. obey/follow the rules 遵守规章制度 break the rules违反规章制度 13. chase = run after 14. be late for
e.g. You are late for school.
You must’t be late for school. You will be late for school.
15. pick the flower 摘花 pick up rubbish 捡垃圾 pick up my son 接我儿子 16 . in front of, behind 17. work there
18. like cooking delicious food =like to cook tasty food 19. Would you like to be…?=Do you want to be…?
20. How about going swimming?=What about going swimming? 21. That sounds great!
按要求改写句子。
1. These oranges taste terrible. (就划线部分提问) _________ _________ these oranges taste?
2. This sign means we can’t draw on the wall.(就划线部分提问) _________ _________ this sign __________? 3. Please listen to him carefully.(改为否定句) _________ _________ to him carefully.
4. We can use the lift in the middle.(就划线部分提问) _________ _________ can we use?
5. She likes to fry the chicken.(就划线部分提问) _________ _________ she like to _________ food?
6. The old man likes rice best.(改成同义句) The old man’s _________ _________ is rice. 7. We can find this sign in a hospital.(就划线部分提问) _________ can we find this sign?
Unit 8 The food we eat 1. dinner menu 晚餐菜单 2. cabbage soup 卷心菜汤 3. chicken soup 鸡汤 4. fried cabbage 炒卷心菜
5. steamed prawns with garlic 蒜蓉蒸虾 6. steamed fish 清蒸鱼
7. fried eggs with bacon 熏肉炒蛋 8. fried chicken wings 炸鸡翅 9. boiled eggs 水煮蛋 10. baked potato 烤土豆 11. tomato and egg soup 番茄蛋汤 12. after dinner 晚餐后
13. What kind of… 什么种类的。。。 14. need to do sth. 需要做某事
15. would like noodles for dinner 晚餐想吃面条 16. like seafood 喜欢海鲜 17. in the market 在市场
18. in the supermarket 在超市 19. at the fish stall 在鱼摊 20. in the fruit section 在水果部门
21. freeze v. 冰冻，结冰 frozen adj. 冰冻的 freezing adj. 极冷的 e.g. frozen food 冷冻食品 freezing weather 严寒的天气 22. like to eat dumplings 喜欢吃饺子 23. a packet of 一包/袋 24. two hamburgers 两个汉堡包 25. fruit salad 水果色拉
（用所给单词的适当形式填空） 1. Would you like apples or ? (orange)
2. potatoes taste nice. (bake) 3. Put the food into a fridge. (freeze)
4. Before , we’d like to make a list. (shop) 5. She’s just some fresh watermelon. (buy) 6. Most children like because they taste nice. (strawberry)
语言点
1. for breakfast/lunch/supper/dinner
What would you like for dinner tonight?今天晚饭你们想吃什么？ for在这里表目的，用途
tonight=this evening last night=yesterday evening
2.’d=would ‘d是would的缩写形式。 would like sth.=want sth.想要某物 would like to do sth.=would love to do sth.=want to do sth.想要做某事 like sth.喜欢某物 like to do sth./like doing sth.喜欢做某事
I would like some apples.我想要一些苹果。 I like apples.我喜欢苹果。 I would like to swim after school.放学后我想去游泳。 I like swimming.=I like to swim.我喜欢游泳。 3.steamed eggs (with meat)（肉）炖蛋 baked potato烤土豆 boiled eggs水煮蛋 fried eggs炒蛋
在这里fried /boiled /steamed/ baked 都是动词fry v. 油炒/煎/炸 boil v. 水煮 steam v. 蒸 n. 水蒸气 bake v. 烘，烤的过去分词形式，在句中做定语。相当于形容词的用法。
I would like fried eggs for dinner tonight.我晚饭想要吃炒蛋。 I fried eggs yesterday.我昨天炒了蛋。
4. Would you like rice or noodles for dinner tonight?你晚饭是想吃饭还是吃面条？ or在这里是标示一种选择关系。
5.What kind of soup/fruit would you like?你想要哪种汤/水果？
kind adj. 友善的，仁慈的= friendly e.g. be kind /friendly to others n. 种类 e.g. different kinds of apples 不同种类的苹果 each kind of …每一种 What kind of … 哪种… e.g. what kind of soup/sports 6. I would also like some soup.=I would like some soup, too.
also，too两个都可以表示“也”， also用在句中，但是too用在句尾，并且要用逗号隔开。
I wouldn’t like any soup, either. （否定句）
(肯定句中句尾用“too”，否定句中改为“either”) 7.need to do sth.需要做某事。 (实意动词) e.g. We need to buy some food first.
否定句：We don’t need to buy any food first. 一般疑问句：Do we need to buy any food first? 回答：Yes, we do. / No, we don’t.
need sth. 需要某物 (实意动词) e.g. I need some noodles for lunch.
*needn’t do sth. 需要做某事 (情态助动词) e.g. We needn’t buy any food now. 一般疑问句：Need we buy any food first? 回答：Yes, we need. / No, we needn’t.
8.shopping list 购物单。Shopping动词的ing形式在句中充当定语。 9.favourite=like best最喜欢的 .favourite adj. 最喜爱的 n. favour 喜好 e.g. English is my favourite subject. = I like English best. I like tomato best.=Tomato is my favourite. My favourite food is apples. =Apples are my favourite food. = I like apples best.
10.Let‟s have tomato.让我们有西红柿。 Let后面接动词原形。 11.in the market / in the supermarket在市场/在超市 at the fish/fruit/meat „stall在鱼/水果/肉„„摊位 in the fish/fruit/meat„section在鱼/水果/肉„„部门 in the market，at the fish/fruit/meat „stall in the supermarket，in the fish/fruit/meat„section
12.A:Have you bought any garlic? 你买了一些大蒜吗？
B: Yes, I have bought some garlic./ Yes, I have.是的，我买了些大蒜。 这是个现在完成时，bought是buy的过去分词. 现在完成时的构成是： have/has +动词的过去分词。
Mum has bought some bacon. Mum hasn’t bought any bacon.（否定句） Has Mum bought any bacon?（疑问句） Yes, she has. (No, she hasn’t.) 肯定（否定）回答 What has Mum bought?（特殊疑问句）
13. How much was it?=How much did it cost?= What was the price of it? 它多少钱。
How much is it?=How much does it cost? It was five yuan.=It cost five yuan. This book cost me ten yuan. This book didn’t cost me ten yuan. How much did this book cost me? I spent ten yuan on this book. I spent ten yuan buying this book. I pay ten yuan for this book.
price是“价格”的意思。 compare the prices of food
14.可数名词：drinks (饮料), noodles, sweets, vegetables, tomatoes, potatoes, sandwiches strawberry – strawberries
不可数名词：food, garlic, meat, soup, fruit, salad, flour(面粉), bread, rice, milk, tea,
juice …
（按要求改写句子）
1. I’d like chicken soup. (对划线部分提问)
What of soup you like?
2. Please give me the menu. （保持句意基本不变）
Please give the menu .
3. I have already eaten some fruit. （改为否定句）
I haven’t eaten fruit .
4. I bought the eggs in the market. (对划线部分提问)
（用括号中所给汉语完成下列句子） 1. （姓刘的一家人将外出）
you buy the eggs?
for lunch this weekend. 2. （哪种水果）would you
like to have? 3. Let’s go to 4. yet? 5. -- （你什么地方买了）these fresh
(那家快餐店), Mum!
（你吃过）that new strawberry ice-cream
vegetables? –At the stall on the second floor.
牛津上海版6AUnit7-8语法点讲解与练习教案
语法： 祈使句
一.祈使句的句式特征
祈使句常常是表达说话人对对方的劝告、叮嘱、请求或命令等。因此，祈使句中一般没有主语，但根据其句意，实际上是省略了主语you。祈使句句末用感叹号或句号，朗读时，常用降调。在表达请求或劝告时，在祈使句前或句末可加上please，以使句子的语气更加缓和或客气。祈使句一般没有时态的变化，也不能与情态动词连用。
例如：Keep off the grass!勿踩草地！
Put the boxes in the small room.把那些盒子放到那个小房间里。 二.祈使句的肯定句式
祈使句的肯定句式一般分为以下三种类型： 1.行为动词原形＋其它成分。
例如：Make sentences after the model.根据例句造句。 Have a good time. 愿你玩得痛快。 小试牛刀： this way, please. 请这边走。 home at once. 马上回家去。
2. Be动词＋其它成分(形容词、名词或介词短语等)。
例如：Be careful when crossing the street.过马路时要小心。
小试牛刀： . The baby is sleeping.安静，宝宝正在睡觉。
3. Let＋宾语＋动词原形＋其它成分。
例如：Let him go back now.让他现在回去吧。 Let me have a rest. 让我休息一会儿吧。
Let us help you. 让我们帮助你吧。
小试牛刀：Let there together. 我们一起去吧。 Let the work. 让他来做这工作。
三.祈使句的否定句式
祈使句的否定句式，通常情况下在句首加上Don’t或Never，一般分为以下四种类型：
1.在祈使句的肯定句式前加Don’t，构成『Don’t＋行为动词原形＋其它成分』。
例如：Don’t say that again!别再那样说了！
2.在Be动词引起的肯定祈使句前加Don’t，构成『Don’t be＋其它成分(形容词、名词或介词短语等)』。注意：在这种句型中be不能省略；否定副词not不可置于be之后。
例如：Don’t be careless.不要粗心。
3. Let引起的祈使句的否定形式有两种：(1)Let开头的祈使句，如果后面跟第一、第三人称名词或代词的宾格，可在Let前加Don’t，也可在Let后宾格的名词或代词后面加not。
(2)如果以Let’s开头的祈使句，必须在Let’s后加not。
例如:Don’t let me go with her tomorrow.＝Let me not go with her tomorrow.不要让
我明天跟她一起去。
Let’s not tell her the truth whenever we meet her.无论什么时候我们碰到她，都不要告诉她真相。
4.在公共场合的提示语中，否定祈使句常用『No＋名词/V-ing形式』结构，表示『禁止做某事』。例如：
NO Photos!禁止拍照！ No Entry禁止入内! No Passing禁止通行! No Smoking禁止吸烟! 小试牛刀：改为否定句
Please cut me a piece of cake. Wait a minute, please. Be quite. Let’s hurry.
四.祈使句的反意问句
祈使句的反意疑问句须按其句子结构及讲话人的语气来决定其疑问部分。通常有以下三种形式：
B.祈使句为肯定句式，其反意疑问句表示请求时，通常用will you；表示邀请、劝说时，用won’ t you。
例如：Be sure to write to us, will you?你一定要给我们写信，好吗？
Come to have dinner with us this evening, won’t you?今晚来和我们一起吃饭，好吗？
2.祈使句为否定句式，其反意疑问句通常只用will you。
例如：Don’t smoke in the meeting room, will you?不要在会议室抽烟，好吗？
3. Let开头的祈使句构成反意疑问句时，除Let’s用shall we外，其它均用will you。
例如:Let the boy go first, will you?让个那男孩先走，好吗？
Let’s take a walk after supper, shall we?晚饭后我们去散步，好吗？ 小试牛刀：Turn on the TV, ? 把电视打开，好吗? Tell me the truth, ? 告诉我实话，好吗?
Let me know, ? 告诉我，好吗?
Let’s go swimming together, ? 我们一起去游泳好吗? 情态助动词的特征
基本助动词与情态助动词最主要的区别之一是，基本助动词本身没有词义，而情态助动词则有自己的词义，能表示说话人对有关动作或状态的看法，或表示主观设想：
What have you been doing since? （构成完成进行体，本身无词义） I am afraid I must be going. （一定要）
You may have read some account of the matter. （或许已经） 除此之外，情态助动词还有如下词法和句法特征： 1）
除ought和used以外，其他情态动词后面只能接不带to的不定式。如
果我们把ought to和used to看做是固定词组的话，那么，所有情态动词无一例外地只能接不带to的不定式： We used to grow beautiful roses.
I asked if he would come and repair my television set. 2）
情态助动词在限定动词词组总总是位居第一：
They need not have been punished so severely. 3）
情态助动词用于第三人称单数现在时的时候，没有词形变化，即其词尾
无-s形式：
She dare not say what she thinks. 4）
情态动词没有非限定形式，即没有不定式、-ing分词和-ed分词形式：
Still, she needn’t have run away. 5）
情态助动词的“时”的形式并不是时间区别的主要标志。在不少场合，情
态助动词的现在时和过去时形式都可以表示现在、过去或将来时间： Would you mind very much if I ask you to do something? She told him he ought not to have done it. 6）
情态助动词之间是相互排斥的，即在一个限定动词词组中只能出现一个
情态助动词，但有时却可以与have和be基本助动词连用： You should have washed the wound. Well, you shouldn’t be reading a novel. 现将情态助动词的各种形式列表如下：
肯定式
肯定式 may might can could will, ’ll would, ’d shall should must need dare used to ought to 选择： 否定式 简略否定式 否定式 may not might not can not, cannot could not will not, ’ll not would not, ’d not shall not should not must not need not dare not used not to ought not to 简略否定式 mayn’t mightn’t can’t couldn’t won’t wouldn’t shan’t shouldn’t mustn’t needn’t daren’t didn’t use(d) to usedn’t to oughtn’t to 1. You ___ hand it in at once, you may hand it in tomorrow. (A) needn't (B) may not (C) can't (D) must not 2. \"That must be a mistake.\" \"No it ___ a mistake.\" (A) must not be
(B) needn't be
(C) cannot be (D) would not be
3. When I was a boy, I ___ chocolate. (A) would like
(B) was used to like (C) should like
(D) used to like
4. I wasn't supposed to go to the movies, but I ___ myself. (A) cannot help
(B) couldn't but
(C) had to help
(D) couldn't help
5. You ___ to the meeting this afternoon if you have something important to do.
(A) needn't to come (B) don't need come (C) don't need coming (D)needn't come 6. ___ you be here at eight o'clock tomorrow morning? (A) Would (B) Should Unit9 Picnics are fun
1. plan v. 计划 ，打算 plan to do sth. 计划做某事 plan—planning, plan… for plan a picnic, have a picnic, go for a picnic
2. fun n. 趣事 /U/ -- funny adj. .=interesting有趣的, 滑稽的 Picnics are fun. **What fun it is to do sth.! What great fun it is! 3. sweets n. 糖果 ; sweet adj. 甜的
4. salt n. /U/ -- salty adj. spice n. – spicy adj. health n. – healthy adj. sun—sunny, cloud—cloudy, rain—rainy, fun—funny
taste v. – tasty adj.= delicious / nice=yummy bake---baked boil---boiled fry---fried steam---steamed . chilli n. -- chillies (pl.)
5. 感官系动词taste smell sound look feel +形容词。e.g. taste nice with jam 蘸果酱尝起来美味
6. buy sth. for sb. = buy sb. sth.
e.g. buy some food and drink for the picnic为野餐买一些食物和饮料 give sth. to sb. = give sb. sth. bring sth. to sb. = bring sb. sth. borrow sth. from sb. = borrow sb. sth. lend sth to sb. = lend sb. sth.
7.Let‟s buy some jam to spread on the bread.让我们买些果酱，把它涂在面包上
to 在这里表目的，用途。 spread v. 抹，传播 – spread--spread spread butter on the bread 涂抹黄油在面包上 8.Have they got enough money? enough两个重要用法：
①enough +n. 表示“足够多的” enough money enough food , enough time, ②adj./ adv. + enough enough修饰形容词和副词要后置
(C) Can
(D) Could
e.g. old enough well enough warm enough
9.prepare v. -- preparation n. prepare for sth.=get/be ready for sth. 为某物做准备 10.a lot of = lots of+ /U/ or /C/
**There is a lot of rain in Shanghai.(否定) There is not much rain in Shanghai.
11.like ---dislike 一对反义词 dislike=don‟t like
12.Shall we have a picnic tomorrow?=Let‟s have a picnic tomorrow. 明天我们野餐怎么样？/我们明天去野餐吧！ Shall we…？/ Let‟s用于提出建议。Shall是个情态动词，后面接动词原形。 Let‟s…后面也是接动词原形。 用于提出建议: Let’s do… / Let’s do …, shall we?
Shall we do …?
Why not do …? = Why don’t you do …? How/ What about doing…..?
可用OK./ That’s a good idea./ Great！/It sounds interesting.来回答。
Let’s have a picnic tomorrow, shall we? That’s a good idea. All right.=OK. Shall we buy some soft drinks？ That’s a good idea. All right. =OK. 13.Why do/don’t you like „? I like …because… **单复数一致 e.g. Why do you like sausages? I like them because they are nice.
Why don’t you like orange juice? I don’t like it because it is too sour. I like oranges because they are sweet. Why do you like oranges?
I don’t like spicy sausages because they are too spicy. Why don’t you like spicy sausages? I don’t want any cola because it’s too sweet. Why don’t you want any cola? 14. Would you like some…?
Yes, please. / No, thanks. /No, thank you. ------Would you like some snacks?
-------No, thanks. I don‟t want any . I want some fruit.
Some用在肯定句中，any用于否定和疑问句中。
Would you like some snacks?用some是希望得到对方肯定的回答。 I’d like to buy some…=I want to buy some…
I wouldn’t like to buy any… = I don’t want to buy any… 15. a bottle of jam, two bottles of jam a big bag of ice two bags of ice 16. Bread tastes nice with jam 17.. go to sp. to do sth.
go to the supermarket to buy some food for the picnic 18. eat a lot of things=many=lots of=plenty of 19. How much money do they need from…？ I have got twenty-one yuan. How much money have you got? 20.A:May I have some…,please?
B: Ok. Here you are./Sorry. I haven‟t got any. May I…？用于提出请求。 回答时，表示允许，常用Ok。/Sure./All right./Yes, you may.
表示拒绝时，常用No, you may not./ I‟m afraid you can‟t. 并且may not不能用缩写的形式。 改句子：
1.Eddie loves barbecues.（改为否定句）
2.I like apples because they are sweet.(划线提问)
3.I’ve got one hundred yuan.(划线提问)
4.How much is a pair of gloves?(保持句意不变)
How much a pair of gloves ?
5.Kitty and her friends have prepared for their picnic.(保持句意不变) Kitty and her friends have for their picnic.
6.The chicken wings are dearer than the fish balls.(保持句意不变) The fish balls are the chicken wings. Unit 10 Healthy eating 词组：
1. healthy eating 健康的饮食=a healthy diet keep healthy, keep us healthy, keep our health
2. good diets and bad diets 好的食谱和不好的食谱 3. a food pyramid 一个食物金字塔 how much of each kind of food
4. need a little fat, salt and sugar 需要一点脂肪，盐和糖 a little=some 5. need plenty of fresh fruit and vegetables plenty of=a lot of=lots of=many=much=enough 6. fresh fruit and vegetables 新鲜的水果和蔬菜 need a lot of rice, noodles and bread How much fruit do we need every day? How much+UN. How many+CN. some+CN./UN.
7. stay with his cousin stay with sb. 和某人呆在一起 词性转换： 1.suggest(名词) 2.exercise(动词) 3.stay （名词） 4.score（动词） 5.salt （形容词） 6.health（形容词） （副词） 用适当的单词填空：
1.I had some p for breakfast this morning. 2.Don’t eat too much f ,or you’ll be unhealthy. 3.I enjoy the life in the c because of its fresh air. 4.The food p tells us what we need every day. 5.If you go to the supermarket ,please buy me two boxes of y . 知识点：
1. Shall we have a picnic tomorrow?=Let‟s have a picnic tomorrow.
明天我们野餐怎么样？/我们明天去野餐吧！Shall we…？/ Let‟s用于提出建议。 Shall是个情态动词，后面接动词原形。 Let‟s…后面也是接动词原形。
回答：That‟s a good idea.那是个不错的主意。
2. -----Would you like some snacks? ----No, thanks. I don‟t want any . I want some fruit. Some用在肯定句中，any用于否定和疑问句中。
Would you like some snacks?用some是希望得到对方肯定的回答。
.A:May I have some…,please? B: Ok. Here you are./Sorry.I haven‟t got any. May I…？用于提出请求。 回答时，表示允许，常用Ok/Sure./All right./Yes, you may. 表示拒绝时，常用No, you may not./ I‟m afraid you can‟t. 并且may not不能用缩写的形式。
.A:Would you like some…? B: Yes, please./No, thanks.
接受别人的请求时，应说Yes, please.；拒绝别人时，应说No, thanks. 3. show sb. sth.=show sth. to sb.向某人展示某物
He shows his new photo to me.=He shows me his new photo.他把他的新照片给我看了。
4.We need a little fat, salt and sugar. 我们需要一点脂肪、盐和糖。
need sth.需要某物 5. a little 修饰不可数名词
some/plenty of /a lot of 既可修饰可数名词也可以修饰不可数词。 6. a lot of ＞ plenty of ＞ some
7. fit=healthy healthy----unhealthy一对反义词 health 名词 健康 healthy----unhealthy形容词
8. have breakfast/lunch/supper/dinner吃早饭/午饭/晚饭
What do you usually have for breakfast/lunch/dinner?你通常早饭/午饭/晚饭吃什么？
9. healthier than 比---- 健康 less healthy than 比----不健康
as healthy as 像-- 一样的健康 as unhealthy as像---- 一样的不健康 than用于比较级中 as... as用于原级比较
10.health n.-- healthy a. = fit healthier比较级 unhealthy adj. 不健康的 an unhealthy … not so…as----- not so + (adj./adv.原级) +as 不像……一样 e.g. Your handwriting is as good as mine.
Your handwriting is not so/as good as mine. = My handwriting is better than your. Is your handwriting as good as mine?
11.修饰不可数名词：很多a lot of, plenty of 太多too much； 一些some/any 很少a little, little；太少 too little；修饰可数名词： 很多 a lot of, plenty of 太多 too many 一些 some/any 很少 a few, few；；太少 too few； ** a little, a few=some 表示肯定, 常与only连用
e.g. only a few
** 很少 little, few 表示否定, 常用于否定句中 12.healthy eating = a healthy diet / a healthy eating habit
13.show v. 展示 / n. 展览 show sb. sth. = show sth to sb 将某物展示给某人看 14.each kind of…每一类…… what kind of …哪一类… 15.every day 每天 （时间状语）
16.do some exercise锻炼；do morning/eye exercises 做广播/ 眼保健操 17.become—became—become
18.one…，the other… 一个……另一个……( 有范围的) 19.a quiz about…关于……的测试
20.brush v. 刷/ n. 刷子 --brushes(pl.)brush one’s teeth刷牙 21.suggest v. -- suggestion n. (pl. –s) = advice some suggestions for…对...的一些建议 22.How much + /U/ do we need?
e.g. How much sauce do we need? 我们需要多少酱？ How many + /C/（pl.）do we need?
e.g. How many hamburgers do they need to buy? 他们需要买多少汉堡？ 23.have sth. for +breakfast/lunch/dinner？ e.g. （1）Do you usually have bread for lunch?
（2）She sometimes has porridge for breakfast. 24.should; shouldn’t 否定句：You shouldn’t catch the mouse. 一般疑问句：Should you catch the mouse? 特殊疑问句：What should you do? 用形容词的适当形式填空。
1. Fred is the __________(short ) in his class . 2. My book is ________( new ) than my sister’s .
3. That piece of chicken is the ___________( heavy )in the fridge . 4. Her rule is ______(long), and it’s the _______(long)of ours all . 5. Is a fish _________(thin) than a bird ?
U9-11 复习 单词和短语
1.make a pizza 做一个比萨饼 how to make a pizza 2.Let’s make a pizza, shall we? Shall we make a pizza?
3.funny pizza 有趣的比萨饼 a funny pizza=interesting great fun, really funny 4.It looks very interesting. 看起来非常有趣 look very interesting, look happy, 5.sound great/ wonderful 6.look at
7.make one more 再做一个 Shall we make one more? I want to buy two more. 8.look at the ingredients first 先看看原料 ingredients for…
9. a few slices of ham 几片火腿 three sausages 三只香肠 two green peppers 三只青椒 two tomatoes 两个西红柿 two potatoes, two photos two pieces of bread 两片面包
10.a small tin of tomato sauce 一小罐西红柿酱 a few cherries 一些樱桃 11.Firstly/ Secondly/ Next/ Then /After that/ Finally 首先/第二/接着/然后/在那之后/最后
12. a thick piece of bread 一片厚面包 13. as a base 做底 14. use…as…
15.put some tomato sauce on it 在上面放一些番茄酱 16.in the middle 在中间
17.on the right of cherry 在樱桃的右边 18.another slice of sausage 另一片香肠
19.put a slice of green pepper above each slice of sausage 放一片青椒在每片香肠面
put a slice of tomato below the cherry 放一片西红柿在樱桃下面 20.on both sides of the bread 在面包的两边
on both sides of the road/ river=on either side of the road/ river 21.put the pizza in a hot oven 把比萨放在一个热烤箱里 22.bake it for 5 minutes 烤五分钟 ---How long…? 23. strawberry 草莓 strawberry—strawberries,
24.onion 洋葱 an onion an egg a useful book a U, an L, an M an interesting job=interesting work
25.pineapple菠萝 sweetcorn 甜玉米 beef 牛肉 cherry 樱桃cherry--cherries 26.other ingredients 其它的作料 27.The Wangs 王先生一家人
28.order food and drink 点食物和饮料
词汇：
1.make 1)做;制造;建造
make sth for sb. 为某人做某物
2)“使（要）某人（事物）做什么（怎么样）”make sb do sth. 使某人做某事 3) make sb/ sth adj. e.g: make our city safe make our country better 2. look/ smell/ sound/ taste/ feel +adj. 感官动词+ 形容词
look at the ingredients look at : 看一看 3. first -- firstly adv. 第一，首先 second --- secondly adv final --- finally adv.
4. bake v. -- baker n -- bakery n. 5. side n. 边
在路的两边：on both sides of street = on either side of the street. 知识点：
1.What would you like to have as the base of your pizza? I would like…
2.What would you like on your pizza? I would like… on my pizza. 3.This is … 这是。
4.Shall we make one more? 我们再做一个？
5.Firstly, Secondly, Next, Then, After that, Finally
6.a slice of /slices of; a tin of/ tins of; a bag of/ bags of; a piece of/ pieces of 7.The Wangs are going to American Pizza/ Italian Pizza/ French Pizza. the + 姓氏的复数，可以表示一家人； be going to do sth 将要做某事
8. Would you like another cup of tea?
another one…the other
in the other hand, in your other hand
9. in front of---behind 10. want to do sth. 11. in different ways
12. Here you are. Here we are. 13. a shopping list
14. get a trolley, trolley—trolleys 15. We need to buy some drinks.
We don’t need to buy any drinks. Do you need to buy any drinks? 填空：
48. Have some cabbage please. (fry)
49. We need to make a list first before going shopping. (shop) 50. You can buy the food in the supermarket. (freeze) 51. I’d like fried eggs with bacon, too.(保持句意基本不变) I like fried eggs with bacon. 52. it is to talk with friends on the Internet! 数词、量词
a few 只能修饰可数名词，与可数名词的复数形式连用 a little 只能修饰不可数名词
some / a lot of 既可修饰可数名词又可以修饰不可数名词。当与可数名词连用时，只能与可数名词的复数形式连用
Some用在肯定句中，any用于否定和疑问句中。
plenty of “许多，大量”，后面可跟不可数名词或可数名词复数 too much 太多+不可数名词 too many 太多+可数名词复数
e.g. Don’t drink too much cola. 不要喝太多的可乐。
Too many sweets are bad for your teeth. 吃太多糖对你的牙齿不好。
too little 太少+不可数名词 too few 太少+可数名词复数
可以用not...enough （修饰可数或不可数名词）结构改写句子。 e.g. You eat too little fruit. = You don’t eat enough fruit. less 更少+不可数名词 （less是little的比较级） fewer 更少+可数名词 （fewer是few的比较级）
more 更多+可数名词、不可数名词 （more是many、much共同的比较级） e.g. You should have less meat, fewer soft drinks and do more exercise. 你应该少吃肉，少喝软饮料，多做运动。 once 一次 twice 两次 三次及以上: 数字+times
a quarter of 四分之一 three quarters of 四分之三
量词：a slice of /slices of; a tin of/ tins of; a bag of/ bags of; a piece of/ pieces of 问句
How many uncles do you have?你有多少个叔叔？ How many后面接可数名词的复数形式。
Why do you like„?你为什么喜欢„„？ I like„because„我喜欢„„是因为„„
Which place shall we visit?我们将参加哪个地方？ When are we going to come back?我们将什么时候回来？ What kind of soup/fruit would you like?你想要哪种汤/水果？ What does this sign mean?这个标志意味着什么？
What does this sign mean?=what is the meaning of this sign? Where can we find it?我们在哪里能找到它？ Which door must we use?我们必须要使用哪一扇门？
Would you like rice or noodles for dinner tonight?
你晚饭是想吃饭还是吃面条？or在这里是标示一种选择关系。 A:May I have some…,please?
B: Ok. Here you are./Sorry. I haven‟t got any. May I…？用于提出请求。 回答时，表示允许，常用Ok。/Sure./All right./Yes, you may.
表示拒绝时，常用No, you may not./ I‟m afraid you can‟t. 并且may not不能用缩写的形式。
A:Would you like some…? B: Yes, please./No, thanks.
接受别人的请求时，应说Yes, please.；拒绝别人时，应说No, thanks. I don‟t want any … because it‟s/they‟re (too) sweet/salty/spicy/sour/bitter 1. How often……？ “多久一次”，用于对时间频率提问。 练习：
1. Where do you want to visit? A. also B. still C. yet D. else
2.In English class, many students show their family and talk about them. (photo) 3.She has got one present from her parents. (划线部分提问)
4. We often go to the big stores to buy things at weekends.(保持句意基本不变) We often to the big stores at weekends. 5. It is not polite to laugh at .
A. the other B. other C. others D. the others 6. We should not leave rubbish her and there.
We shouldn’t the environment(环境). （pollution)
7.The students promise that they will keep their classroom clean. (保持句意基本不变)
The students promise their classroom clean. 8. It will us an hour to get to the museum. A. take B. spend C. pay D. cost
9.We will have indoor if it is rainy. (activity)
10. , he could catch the early bus although he got up later than before. (luck)
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