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escape的基本意思是“逃跑;逃脱;泄露”的意思,这个单词可以做动词、名词或形容词。用作名词时,指从某一特定地点或情况逃离的行为。如果指具体的一次逃脱,为可数名词;若泛指一般意义的逃脱,则为不可数名词。例如:The prisoners attempted an escape, but failed.(囚犯们试图逃跑,但没有成功。)The man made his escape.(那个人逃跑了。)We let the last chance of escape slip through our fingers.(我们错过了最后一次逃走的机会。)
用作动词时,a. 作为不及物动词使用,与from构成escape from结构,意思是1. 从...漏出,2. 从...逃脱,幸免于。例如:Alion has escaped from its cage.(有一只狮子从笼子里逃走了。)There’s a lion which escaped from the zoo.(有一头狮子从动物园逃跑了。)表示液体或气体等漏出或泄漏。例如:Some gas is escaping from the pipe.(煤气管在漏气。)表示从监禁或管制等状态中逃脱或逃走。例如:The boy longed to escape from his mother’s domination.(这男孩渴望摆脱母亲的操纵。)用作不及物动词时,除其后通常接介词from外,还可根据语境的需要接其他介词。例如:He escaped death by an inch.(他险些丧了命。)She escaped through a secret door.(她通过暗道逃走了。)Hemanaged to escape to South America.(他成功地逃到南美洲。)He had escaped by bribing a guard.(他通过贿赂守卫逃跑了。)b. 作为及物动词使用,其后无需接介词from或其他介词,直接接宾语。意思是避开,逃避或躲避。例如:We escaped observation.(我们避开了人们的注意。)I’ve met her before, but her name escapes me.(我以前见过她,但她的名字我忘记了。)表示逃避或躲避不愉快的事(如伤害、处罚、不幸等)。例如:He tried to escape punishment.(他设法躲避惩罚。)He narrowly escaped a fine.(他差一点被罚款。)注意:逃避或躲避监禁或管制等不愉快的事,是及物动词,其后无需用介词;但若是指从监禁或管制等状态中逃脱或逃走,则为不及物动词,其后可接介词(如from等)。例如:He escaped prison.(他躲避了监禁。)He escaped from prison.(他越狱了。)若后接动词作宾语,习惯上接动名词,而不接不定式。例如:There is no way to escape doing the work.(没有办法逃脱做这项工作。)If you commit a crime you can never escape being punished.(你要是犯罪,就逃脱不了要受惩罚。)注意:这样用的escape为及物动词,其后不能接介词from,即不说 escape from doing sth。c. 表示很险地逃过或差点没逃掉,通常与副词narrowly搭配。例如:He narrowly escaped being run over.(他差点儿被车压死。)d. 有时可后接形容词,表示逃脱后的状态;这类形容词通常是alive, unhurt, uninjured, unscathed等。例如:Only two of the men escaped alive.(这些人当中只有两人成功逃生。)You were fortunate to escape unhurt.(你真幸运,毫发未伤地逃出来了。)The driver of the car was killed in the crash but both passengers escaped unhurt.(事故中汽车司机丧生,但两名乘客幸未受伤。)
escape作形容词可以用来描述那些让你避免困难或问题的东西。例如:escape route(逃跑路线)escape clause(免责条款)escape hatch(飞机的)紧急逃生出口escape literature(逃避文学)其过去分词可用作形容词,但只用于名词前作定语,不用作表语,其意为“逃跑了的”。例如:Police are hunting an escaped criminal.(警方正在追捕逃犯。)An escaped tiger is roaming free in the town.(有一只老虎跑出,正在城里东逃西窜。)