关于平面设计类的英译汉文章
发布网友
共1个回答
热心网友
址、资料都给你！看的完不？写毕业设计论文吧？
这里有一大堆：http://www.sciencedirect.com 进去搜下“平面设计”。不过你那里不一定能浏览全文。标题前面有个小绿色方格的才可浏览全文。
A Proct–Delay algorithm for graphic design
Asok K. Sen
Department of Mathematical Sciences, Indiana University, 402 N. Blackford Street, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
Available online 9 February 1999.
Abstract
A Proct–Delay algorithm is presented for creating graphic designs on a computer. In this algorithm two functions u(t) and v(t) are multiplied yielding a function x(t). Another function y(t) is formed by delaying or advancing x(t) by a fixed amount of time t. These functions are evaluated over a suitable time interval and the results are plotted in the x–y plane. For appropriate choices of the functions and parameters, the x–y displays exhibit interesting geometric patterns. In this paper the algorithm is illustrated with a pair of sine and square waves. It is shown that a wide variety of graphic designs can be created with these simple waveforms. By virtue of its simplicity this algorithm can be programmed easily and quickly using general purpose software such as Maple, Matlab or Mathematica. It can be executed on standard platforms such as IBM PC compatibles, Macintosh computers or workstations. Some results in polar coordinates are also given.
Author Keywords: graphic design; proct-delay algorithm; computer art
1. Introction
It has long been recognized that mathematics and computers can be used in a complementary fashion for the creation of visual arts. Several mathematical methods have been developed over the years for generating graphic designs on the computer. The methods range from simple iteration schemes such as fractal generation techniques to solving systems of differential equations of nonlinear dynamics and chaos[1, 2]. In this paper we will present a different methodology for creating graphic designs using computers. This methodology is based on the idea of Lissajous figures and is referred to as the Proct–Delay algorithm. We will illustrate its application to graphic design with a pair of sine and square waves. It will be seen that with these simple waveforms the Proct–Delay algorithm can proce a multitude of interesting geometric patterns.
Our formulation is based on multiplying two functions u(t) and v(t), yielding a new function x(t). It is convenient to think of the variable t as time. The function x(t) is delayed or advanced by a fixed amount of time. The resulting function y(t) is plotted against x(t) in a phase-plane like representation. For suitable choices of the functions and parameters, the x–y displays exhibit a rich variety of geometric patterns. We will appropriately call this procere the Proct–Delay algorithm. The concept of a time delay is often used in nonlinear signal processing applications including the analysis of chaotic dynamics. The purpose is to construct a phase portrait from the measurement of the time series of a single system variable. In these applications the original time series is delayed by a certain amount of time. The original time series and the delayed series are plotted to construct a phase portrait of the system dynamics[3]. The notion of a discrete time delay has also been used recently in a different context[4].
All the computations reported in this paper are performed using the software Maple V (Release 4) on a SUN Ultrasparc workstation. They can also be carried out with other general purpose software such as Matlab or Mathematica, and on different platforms such as IBM PC compatibles, Macintosh computers and other workstations.
2. Pattern formation with sine and square waves
To begin with our development we consider a simple combination of sine and square waves. In particular, we take
u(t)=a1+sin(2 πf1t), (1)
v(t)=a2+sin(2 πf2t)/|sin(2 πf2t)|. (2)
Here the vertical bars denote the absolute value of the function inside them. The function u(t) is a sine wave of amplitude unity, frequency f1 and offset a1, whereas the function v(t) represents a square wave of amplitude unity, frequency f2 and offset a2. We now form the proct
x(t)=u(t)v(t), (3)
and select a delay/advance time δ to construct the function
y(t)=x(t+δ).
2.1. Effect of a nonzero offset
Here we investigate the effect of a nonzero offset in the sine or the square wave. First consider the sine wave u(t) as before with no offset (a1=0) but the square wave with an offset a2=−0.25. In other words, we use u(t) as given by Eq. 5, but Eq. 6 is replaced with
v(t)=−0.25+sin(2π.3000t)/|sin(2π.3000t)|. (8)
These functions together with those given by Eq. 3 and Eq. 7 are evaluated over the time interval [0, 1.5] at 500 numpoints. The result is the pattern depicted in Fig. 2. From a comparison of Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 it is apparent that Fig. 2 possesses a similar structure as Fig. 1 around its center but the presence of an offset in the square wave has led to significant deformation in Fig. 2 from the outer periphery inward. As the offset a2 is increased through negative values, the pattern continues to lose its central structure and in the limiting case a2=−1, i.e., when the magnitude of the negative offset equals the amplitude of the square wave, the inner structure around the center is completely lost and the twelve limbs intersect in a single point at the center. We now consider an offset whose magnitude is larger than the amplitude of the square wave. Fig. 3 portrays the scenario for a2=−2. Observe the emergence of a clear region around the center. If the offset is increased through large negative values, the central clear region tends to increase in size and the resulting pattern tends to approach a circle with no internal structure when the magnitude of the offset is very large. Note that all these patterns are rotationally symmetric.
Display Full Size version of this image (5K)
Fig. 2. Same parameter values are used as in Fig. 1 except with an offset of −0.25 in the square wave
Display Full Size version of this image (5K)
Fig. 3. Same parameter values are used as in Fig. 1 except with an offset of −2.0 in the square wave
Next we examine the effect of introcing a nonzero offset in the sine wave. Consider, for example, a1=−1 with a2=0. These choices lead to a bundle-like pattern with bilateral symmetry as shown in Fig. 4. If the offset a1 is increased through negative values, the bundle continues to become narrower, and for large negative values of a1, the pattern approaches a line of slope unity. Other interesting patterns can be created by introcing a nonzero offset in both the sine and square waves.
Display Full Size version of this image (5K)
5. Concluding remarks
We have presented a few prototypical examples of graphic patterns that can be created with the Proct–Delay algorithm using sine and square waves. Clearly it is possible to create numerous other patterns with these waveforms by appropriately selecting the various parameter values. An even richer variety of patterns can be proced by using other types of functions. In a future paper we will explore the effect of amplitude and frequency molated waves and other complex waveforms on pattern generation
平面设计英文书目列表
来自: cognito (北京)
5/5人推荐 共 34 个条目 我不喜欢
欢迎推荐豆列，请先登录或注册
快速注册
你的email地址:
请填写email 用于确认你的身份, 豆瓣绝不会公开你的email。
给自己设一个密码:
请填写长度大于3的密码 你需要用它登录, 请使用英文字母、符号或数字。
给自己起一个名号:
起个名号吧 中、英文均可。
The Form of the Book
Jan Tschichold / Hajo Hadeler / 1997-10 / Hartley & Marks Publishers / Essays on the Morality of Good Design (Classic Typography Series) / USD 19.95 / Paperback
The New Typography
Jan Tschichold / 2006-09-01 / University of California Press / USD 32.50 / Paperback
Stop Stealing Sheep & Find Out How Type Works, Second Edition
Erik Spiekermann / E.M Ginger / 2002-07-15 / Adobe Press / USD 30.00 / Paperback
Active Literature
Christopher Burke / 2007-08-16 / Hyphen / Jan Tschichold and New Typography: Jan Tschichold and New Typography / USD 50.00 / Hardcover
Paul Renner
Christopher Burke / 1999-01-01 / Princeton Architectural Press / The Art of Typography / USD 35.00 / Paperback
Meggs' History of Graphic Design
Philip Meggs / Alston W. Purvis / 2005-12-07 / Wiley / USD 75.00 / Hardcover
Look at This
Shaughnessy, Adrian / Chronicle Books Llc / $35.00 / Pap
Grid Systems
Kimberly Elam / 2005-08-01 / Princeton Architectural Press / Principles of Organizing Type (Design Briefs) / USD 19.95 / Paperback
Grid Systems in Graphic Design
Josef Muller-Brockmann / Josef Muller - Brockmann / Arthur Niggli / USD 78.00 / Hardcover
New Typographic Design
Roger Fawcett-Tang / 2007-05-21 / Yale University Press / USD 35.00 / Paperback
The Elements of Typographic Style
Robert Bringhurst / 2004-10-09 / Hartley and Marks Publishers / USD 29.95 / Paperback
Typography
Friedrich Friedl / Nicholaus Ott, Bernard Stein / Konemann UK Ltd / when who how / Hardcover
About Face
David Jury / 2004-08-30 / Rotovision / Reviving The Rules Of Typography / USD 30.00 / Paperback
Typography
Emil Ruder / A. Niggli / USD 88.00 / Hardcover
The Thames and Hudson manual of typography
Ruari McLean / Thames and Hudson / Unknown Binding
Making and Breaking the Grid
Timothy Samara / 2005-05-01 / Rockport Publishers / A Graphic Design Layout Workshop / USD 25.00 / Paperback
Swiss Graphic Design
Richard Hollis / 2006-04-28 / Yale University Press / The Origins and Growth of an International Style, 1920-1965 / USD 50.00 / Hardcover
Josef Muller-Brockmann
Paul Rand / Lars Müller Publishers / Pioneer of Swiss Graphic Design / USD 69.95 / Paperback
What is Graphic Design For? (Essential Design Handbooks)
Alice Twemlow / 2006-05-15 / RotoVision / USD 35.00 / Hardcover
The Graphic Designers and His Design Problems
J. Muller-Brockmann / Josef Mullerbrockmann / 2003-09 / Arthur Niggli / USD 79.95 / Hardcover
No More Rules
Rick Poynor / 2003-10-01 / Yale University Press / Graphic Design and Postmodernism / USD 37.00 / Paperback
Influences
Anna Gerber / Anja Lutz / H. Hellige Klanten / 2006-10-30 / Gestalten Verlag / A Lexicon of Contemporary Graphic Design Practice / USD 45.00 / Hardcover
Paul Rand
Steven Heller / 2000-08-29 / Phaidon Press / USD 35.00 / Paperback
Paul Rand
Paul Rand / 2000-09-11 / Yale University Press / A Designer`s Art / USD 32.00 / Paperback
Paul Rand
Derek Birdsall / Steven Heller / Nathan Garland / Paul Rand / Milton Glaser / Ivan Chermayeff / 2003-11-02 / Center for Art and Visual Culture, UMBC / Modernist Designer / USD 45.00 / Paperback
